LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: These papers are now open for discussion. line of defense against the infection invasion from that route. DR. ARMSTRONG: The virus of which I speak is not a poliovirus, but is a neurotropic virus. The mouse is its natural host, and these observations, I think, may have some bearing on some of the unknown factors which play a part in susceptibility following feeding. I had an isolate of lymphocytic choriomeningitis from 1933. It had been carried through about 200 mouse-brain-to-mouse-brain passages, and had been stored in the deep freezer. So I took that out and thought I would try feeding it. as we have had so little experience with vaccines administered by feeding. I found that this virus, when fed to mice, or given by stomach tube, failed to give any symptoms whatever. But when I tried it intracerebrally it was lethal in about three hundredths of a cc. of one to a million dilution. When fed, it produced high immunity. Here, then, was a virus which was harmless when fed, but which was lethal in one to one million of a cc. dose when given intracerebrally. Now, I think it would mean more to me if these viruses which were tested and found to change their virulent markers, had been found outside the intestinal tract-if it is more virulent, it should invade the intestinal tract. But these viruses were isolated from the intestinal tract. One cannot be sure it was the same virus. I think that search should be made for these viruses of changed character, not in the intestine, but after invasion from the intestine. What enables it to penetrate the intestine may be an entirely different thing than what enables it to affect the brain. Now, when we give a virus into the brain, we do several things. We break the meninges, injure nerve tissue, rupture capillaries and blood vessels, and put the virus on high concentration, under pressure, in contact with injured cells which have had no experience at all in dealing with infection by this route. In the intestinal tract, however, we are dealing with a tissue that has been for ages the first 39 DR. SABIN: I would like to ask Dr. Armstrong to tell us whether or not the LCM virus he fed to mice showed any evidence of multiplication in the intestinal tract, and then I shall be able to digest his interesting data a little better. DR. ARMSTRONC: I cannot absolutely say as to multiplication, but I was able to recover it from the intestinal tract, after considerable time. DR. Cox: I wish to ask whether they become immune. DR. ARMSTRONG: In seven or eight days they become immune, completely immune. CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: He said was there an immunity in the mice. Are there any further comments? Dr. Voroshilova. DR. VOROSHILOVA (through an interpreter): The experiences and observations regarding these questions concern the immunizations which were conducted in Moscow. We had to choose children of more advanced age, because the virus was not influenced by preceding immunity. Here we took eight strains which had been excreted by four children, triplepositive, from Karaganda 3-10 days after their feeding, and after four and five weeks, respectively. In another research, which we conducted in the Estonian Republic, the strains of Type 3 were excreted by small children who had no antibodies. In the third research, we had strains T- from children up to three years of age who had been in contact with immunized children. Among these strains we noted multiple variations; the strains which were excreted in Karaganda from the older children, in general, had T- marker,
40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys infected intraspinally there no changes had occurred in children. All those was paralysis only in one on the 28th day. who had been vaccinated were absolutely Perhaps these results are interesting in the healthy. Therefore, the differences of strains sense that they were conducted during field re- practically showed no influence in the final research work, on a large scale, and showed that sults of the vaccination.
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
Page 5: Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page 10 and 11: Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
Page 12 and 13: Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
Page 14 and 15: Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Page 21 and 22: 4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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IULUUmmiillaYIIiiiiIllnllTrTnTnTm T
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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128 Safety-Field Evidence óf Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
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11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Virologic, Serologi
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cARE NUC:4I Discussion 267 CUAw # J
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Discussion 269 in the investigation
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Virological Findings, Antibody Resp
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4. ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION WITH ATTENU
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Routine Immunization With Attenuate
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mmrriiiiiiiiiiiinniiiiiiiriiimmmmmn
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Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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Response of Newborn Infants to Vacc
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Susceptibility of Newborn Infants t
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9. IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS
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Immunization of Newborn Infants wit
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Discussion 323 vaccinated siblings
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Discussion 325 Discussion 325 ance
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transplacental antibodies, or antib
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN STUART-HARRIS:
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations Qn First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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24. A SMALL-SCALE TRIAL WITH LIVE P
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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26. VACCINATION WITH ATTENUATED POL
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Vaccination with Attenuated Poliovi
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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594 Discussion 594 Disenísion ~ ~
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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iiiii iirrrimrmiriiiilllniririiiiii
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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