LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

Immunization of Newborn Infants with Live Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine 317
TABLE 2.
INCIDENCE OF VIRUS ISOLATIONS ON SINGLE STOOL SPECIMENS OBTAINED ABOUT 4-5 DAYS
AFTER ORAL POLIOVIRUS
VACCINE
RESULTS
VACCINE
FED
DOSE AND
DILUTION
DAY
GIVEN
ISOLATION
ONLY
ISOLATION
+ANTIBODY
TYPE
ONLY
1 cc Undiluted
1 cc 1:10
Throat Swab
Undiluted
0
0, 1,2
0
0,1,2
0, 1,2
8/10
7/10
5/10
7/10
12/21
9/10
7/10
5 6/10
8/10
5 13/21
TYPES
1+2+3
3 cc Undiluted
3 cc 1:10
Throat Swab
Undiluted
0
0, 1, 2
0
0,1,2
0, 1, 2
9/10
9/10
13/20
6/]6
15/22
9/10
9/10
5 13/20
5 9/16
5 15/22
NONEI
0/35
0/35
Administration of the trivalent vaccine was followed
by excretion predominantly of Type 2
virus. Evidence of multiplication of virus was
apparent on the second to the seventh day and on
the 14th day following vaccination. The amount
of virus recovered from the stool ranged from
10.3.2 to 106.0 TCD 50 per gram.
Evidence of Antibody Response 3 Months Alter
Administration of Poliovirus Vaccine to Newborn
Infants. The decline of 54 poliovirus antibody
titers from birth to three months in 19 unvaccinated
control infants is illustrated in Table 4.
The decline in titer ranged between four and
128-fold. Consequently, any infant with only a
fourfold or greater decline in titer at three
months was assumed to have had no antibody
response. Evidence for active antibody response
included a two-fold decline, no change or an increase
in titer, although it was realized that lower
levels of actively produced antibody would thus
be masked by the higher levels of the residual
maternal antibody.
The results shown in Table 5 are based on the
above criteria. The administration of Type 1
poliovirus vaccine was followed by evidence of
antibody response in about 30 per cent of a
group of 109 infants at three months. The results
were not significantly affected by the dose
or route of administration.
A mixture of Types 1+2+3 vaccine induced
evidence of an antibody response at three months
in about 50 per cent of 134 infants on whom
studies have been completed. The response was
confined chiefly to Type 2 antibody.
DISCUSSION
The demonstration of virus multiplication in
the intestinal tracts of 80 to 90 per cent of newborn
infants fed live poliovirus vaccine based on
examination of only a single stool specimen