LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Scale Trial inlsolated Island Community 537
TABLE 2.
INCIDENCE OF NATURALLY OCCURRING NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE
THREE TYPES OF POLIOVIRUS, SOTTUNGA ISLAND,
FINLAND
Aoz
GBOUPR
TOTALi
No. op
PERlNoS
TEsrTD
TrYE 1
NumaEB
WITra Nzutn*LuiNa ANIBODIas AGAINST:
I
TYPE 2
TyPr 3
NUMBER Or
TRIPLE NEoAnVE
o---
1- 2
2- 3
3- 4
4- 5
5-10
10-15
15-20
3
3
3
5
5
12
27
15
NUMERE
---q_
12
12
1
PEE CENT
6
44
80
NUMBER
1
4
PEB CENT
21
27
NUMBEZ
1
1
13
PEB CsNT
48
11 73
NUMBER
20-30 10 6 60 3 30 5 50 1 10
2
3
3
4
5
11
8
PER CENT
3040 31 19 11 22 7 1 17 55 1 3
4050 29 2 90 20 72 24 83-
0-5}0 15 14 93 10 71 15 100
60 & ovr 35 24 G9 29 83 22 63 2 6
Total ¡ 193 115 60% 96 | 45% 1 109 | 56% 41 21%
1
90
30
7
A viruses, as well as some ECHO virus types,
could possibly be traced. From stool samples
collected in April 1958, on the day of feeding
live Type 1 virus to about 20 per cent of the
population, no cytopathic agents could be isolated.
Thus, it may be stated that there probably
were no polioviruses circulating in the
community at the start of the trial (Table 3),
which corresponds with results of the antibody
pattern study mentioned above. No conclusions
regarding probable occurrence of other enteroviruses
can, however, be made, except that it
seems improbable that any Coxsackie B viruses
or adenoviruses should have occurred.
Effect of the Salk vaccination. The two injections
of Salk vaccine resulted in a conversion
to seropositive in 26 per cent of those negative
to Type 1, in 54 per cent of those negative to
Type 2, and in 24 per cent of those negative to
Type 3. After the Salk vaccination 21 persons
remained triple negative as estimated by the
method used.
Efect of orally administered live Type 1 virus
in 1958. The effect of a single dose of Type 1
vaccine was tested on 43 persons from 11 families,
All members of the families received the
vaccine. In this group nine children under 10
years of age were triple negative in spite of
vaccination with inactivated vaccine. Of persons
over 10, one was triple negative and one negative
to Type 1 only.
Six weeks after the feeding, five of these persons
excreted virus. Four of the five persons
were negative to Type 1 before feeding (Table
4). Another six or twelve weeks after feeding
no virus could be isolated.
A fourfold or greater increase in Type 1 antibodies
was seen in all 11 children under 10
years of age and in eight of 28 persons over 10
from whom appropriate blood samples were obtained
(Table 5). If antibody increase is regarded
as proof of infection, a take was observed
in 19 of 39 persons tested or about 50 per cent.
Ten of these 19 were triple negative before
feeding.
During the period July 1958 to March 1959
an antibody increase was seen in some additional
persons fed virus which, assuming that no wild
virus was present in the community, may possibly
be interpreted as a re-infection with attenuated
virus circulating in the community.