LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vaccine in Mexico 393 z cn rl w H z ', ,, ', z HC, CD 00 Z ci Ús Frl to Cl Pl E- P4 -cl rl E- ¢ u o N- C cD~ CDT cz cr o E-i :l OCC a, CO cli oD CD1 m cl CD o I mC rl E- z -Hm" r p4 -1 o- E-. gz ¢ w pq V- l l 1 CO r- c, CO CC lc co CIx m+ Ep: o irl rl 1pq rl S IZ z z E- z E ( n ¢ S z pD u CD CD, 0o oo X~ CD ICD CCI ~rl E- E- rl rI p o E- o o o rl PQ P g O0 H 9 z E-E-z Z z rl 00 Orl z c P
394 Efficacy-Laboratory Evidence TABLE 9. SUMMARY OF TESTS OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF CHILDREN WITH No DETECTABLE ANTI- BODY FOR THE RESPECTIVE TYPE OF <strong>POLIO</strong>V<strong>IRUS</strong> PRIOR TO VACCINATION IN THREE OF THE CITIES IN WHICH SABIN'S ORAL VACCINE WAS USED Serologic response Cit7y T___'_pe 1 Type 2 Type 3 Number umber and Number Number and Number Number and tested percent positive tested percent positive tested peroent positive Mexico City 61 54 46 40 64 51 88% 87% 80% GuadalaJara 9 8 6 5 8 7 89% 83% 87% Monterrey 29 21 39 29 27 14 72% 74% 52% A11 99 83 91 74 99 72 84% 81% 73% The immunogenic activity of the vaccine is shown in Table 9, which shows the antibody conversion rate in a randomly selected group of children from three of the cities under study. These data are based on simultaneous tests using the cytopathogenic effect method in roller-tube cultures of human kidney cells on paired sera collected before feeding Type 1 and three to four weeks after feeding Type 2. The conversion rate for all three types was very similar in Mexico City and in the City of Guadalajara, although the number of children tested in the latter is very small. Thus, for Type 1 the conversion rate was 88 per cent and 89 per cent, for Type 2, 87 per cent and 83 per cent, and for Type 3, 80 per cent and 87 per cent respectively. In the City of Monterrey, the antibody conversion rate was lower; for Type 1, 72 per cent, for Type 2, 74 per cent, and for Type 3, 52 per cent. The over-all response in the three cities was 84 per cent for Type 1, 81 per cent for Type 2, and 73 per cent for Type 3. The actual titers observed after vaccination are shown in Table 10. Although the antibody rise is somewhat variable with the individual, it can be noted that among those who responded, the majority of them (72 per cent for Type 1, 53 per cent for Type 2, and 74 per cent for Type 3) slhowed titers of 1:100 or more. The relationship of age to development of antibodies after feeding of the vaccine is shown in Table 11. It is clearly evident that antibody response increases with age. This observation probably could be explained on the basis of the interference upon the vaccine strains of a great variety of non-polio enteroviruses, which are known to be present in a high percentage of children under one year of age in Mexico. During the course of the vaccination program, some minor complaints, such as diarrhea, and occasionally vomiting and fever, were reported in some of the vaccinated children; however, these minor symptoms were not more frequent than would normally be expected in a population that is known to be highly infected with all kinds of enteropathogens. The number of paralytic cases reported in the vaccinated areas is presented in the following five tables. Table 12 shows the data for the City of Monterrey, in which 52.3 per cent of the estimated population of children under five years of age were fed the vaccine. This city had experienced epidemics in the last two years and an outbreak was expected in 1959. Only 14 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were reported throughout the year and all of them among non-vaccinated children. The data for the City of Puebla are presented in Table 13. In this city, about
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page Discussion .......... .......
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Thank
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46 Discussion a paralytic case. Thi
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48 Discussion + - + + I + - I + + 1
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50 Discussion sages of neurovirulen
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Application of Genetic Markers to D
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Discussion 67 TABLE 1. INCIDENCE OF
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Experimental Studies on Animals wit
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6. DETECTION OF A "NON-DETECTABLE"
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Detection of a "Non-Detectable" Sim
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Discussion 87 Dr. Koprowski's state
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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128 Safety-Field Evidence óf Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
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11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Virologic, Serologi
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cARE NUC:4I Discussion 267 CUAw # J
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Discussion 269 in the investigation
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Virological Findings, Antibody Resp
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4. ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION WITH ATTENU
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Routine Immunization With Attenuate
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Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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Response of Newborn Infants to Vacc
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Susceptibility of Newborn Infants t
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9. IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS
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Immunization of Newborn Infants wit
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Discussion 323 vaccinated siblings
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Discussion 325 Discussion 325 ance
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transplacental antibodies, or antib
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN STUART-HARRIS:
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations Qn First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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24. A SMALL-SCALE TRIAL WITH LIVE P
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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26. VACCINATION WITH ATTENUATED POL
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Vaccination with Attenuated Poliovi
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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594 Discussion 594 Disenísion ~ ~
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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