LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Capacity of Live Attenuated Polioviruses to Cause Human Infection 179 prolonged periods, some lasting seven weeks. Poliovirus infections are shown by the black stripes. Coincidentally, many enterovirus infections were present and these are shown by various kinds of shaded stripes. And, as the final group in this series of diagrams the same general situation is shown for the 67 exposed siblings within these same 48 families (see Figures 7 and 8). Figure 7 illustrates Type 1 infections in the population of 67 siblings (under the age of five) who were members of those families in which intrafamilial exposure to an infected vaccinee occurred. Fifteen siblings possessed Type 1 poliovirus antibodies prior to the administration of the first dose of triple vaccine. Eleven negative siblings converted during the 9-week-period of observation-a rate of 21 per cent. Of those 15 children already possessing antibodies to Type 1, 5 showed a fourfold rise associated with reinfection as indicated by the dark area in the lower right-hand corner. Figure 8 similarly illustrates Type 3 infec- ; lPE lil: XIst Va~cv · < tions among 67 siblings as a result of intrafamilial exposure. Forty of these siblings possessed antibodies to Type 3 poliovirus before vaccine was introduced into the family, and of these, 18 became re-infected. Of those 27 who lacked antibodies at the onset, 15 converted. Non-poliovirus Enteroviruses. The degree to which the children in this study were harboring non-poliovirus enteroviruses during the prevaccinal period of one week appears in Fig. 9. In Figure 9 the age-specific rates are shown at which participants in this trial excreted polioviruses and non-poliovirus enteroviruses prior to the first administration of vaccine. Our impression is that the impact of the non-poliovirus enteroviruses upon the poliovirus responses in the vaccinees, or the actual degree of interference which they exerted in this trial was appreciable but not great. When a comparative rate analysis was made to determine whether those children harboring such enteroviruses at the beginning of the trial had a higher failure rate than tlihose without enteroviruses, there was evidence that, as far 2nd Vac. Siblings = __ #J t FIG. 8
180 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety PRE-VACCINAL AGE SPECIFIC ENTEROVIRUS RATES 50 NO IN EACH AGE GROUP 12 19 23 9 23 21 19 AGE GROUP OF VACCINEES Z 45 : 40 x : 35 _ 30 o z w 25 20 - 15 lo 5 0-6 7-12 13-18 19-24 2 3 4 AGE IN: MONTHS YEARS FIc. 9 70 ISt VA C 2 nd VAC. 60 50 '5 40 |POLIOVIRUSES IIT Z 40 z 30 z Cd o I- 20 JULY AUG Fro. 10 SEPT
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page Discussion .......... .......
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Thank
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46 Discussion a paralytic case. Thi
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48 Discussion + - + + I + - I + + 1
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50 Discussion sages of neurovirulen
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Application of Genetic Markers to D
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Discussion 67 TABLE 1. INCIDENCE OF
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Experimental Studies on Animals wit
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6. DETECTION OF A "NON-DETECTABLE"
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Detection of a "Non-Detectable" Sim
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Discussion 87 Dr. Koprowski's state
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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Page 149 and 150: DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
Page 151 and 152: 11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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Page 165 and 166: 148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Page 173 and 174: DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
Page 175 and 176: 158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
Page 177 and 178: 160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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Page 191 and 192: 14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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Page 206 and 207: Field, Laboratory Experiences With
Page 208 and 209: 16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
Page 210 and 211: Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Page 220 and 221: Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
Page 222 and 223: Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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Page 226 and 227: Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Virologic, Serologi
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cARE NUC:4I Discussion 267 CUAw # J
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Discussion 269 in the investigation
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Virological Findings, Antibody Resp
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4. ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION WITH ATTENU
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Routine Immunization With Attenuate
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Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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Response of Newborn Infants to Vacc
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Susceptibility of Newborn Infants t
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9. IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS
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Immunization of Newborn Infants wit
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Discussion 323 vaccinated siblings
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Discussion 325 Discussion 325 ance
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transplacental antibodies, or antib
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN STUART-HARRIS:
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations Qn First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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24. A SMALL-SCALE TRIAL WITH LIVE P
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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26. VACCINATION WITH ATTENUATED POL
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Vaccination with Attenuated Poliovi
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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594 Discussion 594 Disenísion ~ ~
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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