LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Routine Immunization With Attenuated Poliovirus of Children in Philadelphia 279 The miscellaneous illnesses were: earaches (eight), mumps (four), insomnia (two), wheezing, teething, pharyngitis, fretfulness, thrush, and undescribed (one each). Seven children were hospitalized: four for pneumonitis, two for bacterial meningitis proved by cerebrospinal fluid culture, and one for herniorrhaphy. There was one death: a three-month-old boy was found dead five weeks after receiving Type 1 and ten days after Type 3 vaccine; during this time the child had seemed well.* dren indicated a random distribution. In addition, no excess of any one type of illness was observed in both study districts at a particular interval after administration of a strain of vaccine. Community Surveillance. There were approximately 3800 persons, including 991 children five years old or younger, in the 830 households of vaccinated children. Between the end of January and the end of July 1959, 97 cases of aseptic meningitis, Vaccine TABLE 3. CONDITION OF CHILDREN AND DISTRIBUTION OF ILLNESSES BY INTERVALS AFTER VACCINATION Interval 1Kind and number of Illnesses Delin- Not After Vaccine Air Cold Cold & Zxan- Fever Cough Gastro- Mlsc. Total 'll quent or Vaccin- Total Vaccination Feaer thema intest. Illnssesa raopped ated Childran (day) (No. ) (No.) ( ) (No.) 1-7 21 6 6 8 4 5 2 52 1 8-14 24 6 5 3 4 46 i 1521 40o 2 2 1 1 3 4 53 5i7 16 850 I 22-28 39 16* i 8 4i 1 2 6 79 Other* 25 10 7 3 6 3 3 57 1-7 16 3 4 8 6 37 8-14 18 8 3 4 1 34 Type 3 15-21 24 10 2 1 4 3 4i 550 39 45 850 22-28 - 27 8 5 2 4 7 2 55 Other* 25 9 6 1 1 2 2 46 01-7 1 3 1 2 2 9 8-14 8 3 1 1 1 '14 Type 2 15-21 8 4 3 1 16 251 16 515 850 22-28 8 3 1 1 1 14 [Other* 4 2 6 1 2 15 · Illnesses occurring after 28 days and after an unknown interval. t Two from one district, 14 from the other. § Three from one district, eight from the other. The incidence of illnesses was similar during each of the four intervals after administration of each type of vaccine except for a slight predominance during the 22-28-day interval, possibly because the mothers tended to recall the illnesses that had occurred during the period just before the clinic visit. Sajety of Vaccine. This was not a safety test. However, no case of poliomyelitis, paralytic or nonparalytic, occurred in a vaccinated child. Analysis of the minor illnesses in vaccinated chil- * Complete postmortem study, including histologic examination of the brain, the medulla, and the spinal cord, and virologic study by The Pennsylvania State Virologic Laboratory of frozen specimens of these tissues in chick embyro, mice, and tissue culture failed to reveal the cause of death or a diagnosis. No lesions of poliomyelitis were found. encephalitis, and miscellaneous paralytic disease that occurred in the entire City of Philadelphia were screened as possible cases of poliomyelitis. Laboratory studies,t performed in each case, gave no evidence of poliomyelitis. On the basis of these studies and the clinical findings, none of the 97 cases was considered to be poliomyelitis by the Department of Public Health. The first isolations of poliovirus (Type 3) were made in July 1959 from two children in whom the onset of paralytic disease was June 11 and June 19. The third case occurred July 19. The three children, the only persons known to have contracted poliomyelitis during the study, lived in t Courtesy of Dr. Klaus Hummeler, Chief, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Virus Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
280 Efficacy-Laboratory Evidence Postvaccination Totals 0 - C 4 0m 0, - m 0 Poetvaccination Totals , e , C~ 0 C-, C4 C~ 0 04 ° O X C~ , " -0 - a 4 D 0 a A 0 - - '- U ,TOL 4OUTO3A O¿ Postvaccination Totals N 1 - 1 N I1 1 S1 2$4 ¡l, 04 D i. 8 .t iO 5= H ,1\~~~~~~, H N N \ · o rl rl \ rlN N =\N a> . b 1 l N N io 1 , c.laaT Si9,4TJ, uoTsuTovasXsod U01T4B 0 TODoO4$0¿ Postvaccination Totals N N _I 4 N 0 0 0 N 4 a, N ig i ,f a O C.2 -D C ' -m ; > Q W ° Oc 0 . C Om · .0-4 04c 04 04 - M i i viL e , 4) 4) 4) - $4 O 0 e O~ $4 0 4)Y!O ,.* - cdm~~~o 0· 0$4 O~*~ Ejt - ,gC.0m O 2 ~. ~ .0' Cl~m CO ) ~D 00I rd 4-.0 0444.) 0 hX 040 o. E- o bDF1 ~ ~E.'' 5 ~ C° ;: o ~~~4 Y ~0 O .OX W 4 C: _ ' O3 O-. 0 ~ . N s4l.T., uoT0eirpooAjSo d Postvaccination Totals O 'C N4 N04 a n S.Z9W4TJ UOtp4r44poc4C4O¿ POs.tac uontton Totalod Postvaccination Totals . _ 4 e 0 e m· o0 O O * 0 4 4 04 4 - C C N04 04 04 s 0 . 'o 1x 04 0 - m O m ii -O~ 4)... * * o J .0..! o 1Y H1 - 4- " 0 4) 0O-4-.90 4 e04 t mgr 0 CO e C"'~ e o~~4 -4- 04 1· 9 . a- rl ,0 D~ ,0 i, gt ;l m H H m 1 1 0i N O N 04 ` O - O 04 N< s r(rN N, CD O N4 04 04 a N 0 yl) 0,g l N; Ns i 4 0 UC G.teT$ UoTeuwOCaIeWo :.a.T% uoT'%eU:TOeaASo
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page Discussion .......... .......
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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imimmmmmñimmimmm-ñmñmñrmimmimmm
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Thank
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46 Discussion a paralytic case. Thi
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48 Discussion + - + + I + - I + + 1
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50 Discussion sages of neurovirulen
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Application of Genetic Markers to D
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Discussion 67 TABLE 1. INCIDENCE OF
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Experimental Studies on Animals wit
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6. DETECTION OF A "NON-DETECTABLE"
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Detection of a "Non-Detectable" Sim
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Discussion 87 Dr. Koprowski's state
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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128 Safety-Field Evidence óf Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
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11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Page 246 and 247: Development and Persistence of Poli
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN STUART-HARRIS:
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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24. A SMALL-SCALE TRIAL WITH LIVE P
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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26. VACCINATION WITH ATTENUATED POL
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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594 Discussion 594 Disenísion ~ ~
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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