LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Laboratory Investigations of Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccine Strains 95 TABLE 6. EFFECT OF GAMMA GLOBULIN ON NEUROVIRULENCE AFTER INTRAMUSCULAR INOCULATION l I lI VIRUS STRA IN DOSAGE IN PFU GAMMA GLOBULIN CLINICAL SIGNS HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS ILUMBAR CERVICAL BRAINSTEM Lederle Type I t 2/2: 2/3 1/3 1/2 2/2 3/3 3/3 1/2 2/2 2/3 1/3 1/2 2/2 3/3 3/3 1/2 Sabin Type I t 0/3 0/3 0/2 3/3 3/3 1/2 2/3 1/3 0/2 2/3 2/3 1/2 * 2 ml/Kg. body weight. t 1 ml/Kg. body weight. t No. of monkeys having findings/No. inoculated. velopment of a late viremia occasionally, the localization of lesions, on occasion, in the cervical enlargement after inoculation in the leg, or in the lumbar enlargement after inoculation in the arm, lead to the conclusion that other routes of spread are possible. It seems clear that the manifestation of neurovirulence seen following intramuscular is different from that seen following CNS inoculation. This technique is not a "long-distance intraspinal inoculation." Certainly the Lederle Types 2 and 3 strains which appear to have a high degree of neurovirulence after intraspinal inoculation exhibit little virulence following intramuscular inoculation. The Type 1 strains seemingly have a greater invasive ability following peripheral inoculation than do the Types 2 and 3 strains. In the course of this study, we had occasion to again study the properties of these attenuated vaccine strains after direct inoculation into the CNS. Since the results are, in general, in close agreement with those we presented last year, we thought that they should be presented at this time. Tables 7, 8, and 9 show the comparative neurovirulence for Rhesus monkeys as studied last year and this year. Here the inoculum is equated as closely as possible in plaque-forming units, since the titers last year and this year were somewhat different. There are certain small differences, but these are not considered to be significant. This is for Type 1 (Table 7) and, as you can see, with the Lederle and Sabin's strains, the agreement is quite good. Table 8 will show results for Type 2. Of interest in the Type 2 strain is that the new pool of Koprowski Type 2 has a titer of 1.1 logs higher than last year and animals had histologic evidence of poliomyelitis after inoculation with this increased titer. The remainder of the results show good correlation. As may be seen in Table 9, the correlation for Type 3 virus is very good. Since the virus titers, this year, are for the most part, higher than they were last year, the titers of the inocula are equated as nearly as possible. As you can see, there are certain small differences, but these are not considered significant in view of the biologic variation of the animals. Figure 1 is a graphic summary of our intramuscular results. This summarizes the previous tables of histological lesions of strains inoculated intramuscularly. Here there are certain curves which do not rise above the base line. Evaluation of attenuated vaccine strains de-
96 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of Attenuation and Safety TABLE 7. COMPARATIVE NEUROVIRULENCE OF ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUS STRAINS-1959 AND 1960 TYPE 1 VIRUS STRAIN ROUTE OF INOC. INOCULUM PFU/ml. 1959 HISTOLOGIC CLIN. SIGNS FINDINGS 1960 l - I CLIN. SIGNS HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS Lederle I.T. 104-2-104 s 0/5* 1/5 0/3 1/3 Sabin I.T. 1074-107 0/9 0/9 0/3 0/3 I.S. 0/5 2/5 0/3 0/3 * No. of monkeys having findings/No. inoculated. TABLE 8. COMPARATIVE NEUROVIRULENCE OF ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUS STRAINS-1959 AND 1960 TYPE 2 Route Inoculum 1959 1960 Virus Strain of PFU/ml. Clin. Signs Histclogic Clin. Signs Histologic Inoc. Findings Findings Koprowski I.T. 10o.0 - - 0/3* 3/3 104.9 0/5 0/5 - I.S. 105"0 - - 2/2 2/2 103'9 ' 3/4 4/4 - - Lederle I.T. 1o2.5 2/5 3/5 0/3 2/3 Sabin I.T. 107-3-107 0/4 0/4 0/3 1/3 * No. of monkeys having histologic findings/No. inoculated. TABLE 9. COMPARATIVE NEUROVIRULENCE OF ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUS STRAINS-1959 AND 1960 TYPE 3 Route Inoculum 1959 1960 Virus Strain of PFU/ml. Clin. Signs Histologic Clin. Signa Histologic Inoc. Findings Findings Koprowski I.T. 104.2-104.5 1/5* 2/5 0/3 1/3 Lederle I.T. 106.0_16o-1 0/5 1/5 0/3 1/3 Sabin I.T. 107.1-107.51 0/10 0/10 0/3 0/3 * No. of monkeys having findings/No. inoculated.
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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146 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Virologic, Serologi
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cARE NUC:4I Discussion 267 CUAw # J
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Discussion 269 in the investigation
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Virological Findings, Antibody Resp
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4. ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION WITH ATTENU
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Routine Immunization With Attenuate
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Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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Response of Newborn Infants to Vacc
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Susceptibility of Newborn Infants t
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9. IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS
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Immunization of Newborn Infants wit
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Discussion 323 vaccinated siblings
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Discussion 325 Discussion 325 ance
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transplacental antibodies, or antib
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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458 Discussion 458 Discussion~~~~~~
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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594 Discussion 594 Disenísion ~ ~
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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