LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Virologic, Serologic Investigations of Immunization With Sabin's Strains 265 11 ANTIBODY B. Yura, 16 mo. 1 - ANTIBODY Ch. Yaroslava, 9 mo. 9 - 8- 7- 6 5 4 0000 16 64 4 256 16 256 8 / 6**-C *- _-* . --- * ', ,-, 9- 8- 6- ]9 s006 128 64 32 5- - 2048 64 128 3 2 * = - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~, u- VIRUS EXCRETION r - VIRUS EXCRETION Type 1 Type 11 Type III N - Il ECHOl8 1 --- -- ECHO.61 .1 2 3 4 t 5 6 7 8 9 10 I,11,111 ,J, Weeks after Types I-!-II III weeks ,1,1 2 3 4 t5 6 7 8 9 10 ANTIBODY G.M., 8 mo. 4 000 0060 3 2 L - ANTIBODY 000 C.S., 5 mo. 000 D0O VIRUS EXCRETION VIRUS EXCRETION Type 1 Type I Type II Type II Type III I k_: --- l IZ -1 . v:i_ ,i . ---- 1!ECHO-8 Type, III 1 2 3 4 5 6 71 9 10 weeks i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t t f 1, 11i i 1 i, 11 i i, 111 1, 11, 111 FIG. 13. Examples of interaction between vaccine strains and non-polio enteroviruses on two feedings with trivalent live vaccine.
DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN GEAR: The last three papers are now open for discussion, that is, the papers by Dr. Prem, Dr. Vonka, and by Dr. Voroshilova. DR. HODES: The Chairman stated that he would grant me a few minutes to speak about a new method for determining antibody. This method has been described to a number of my North American colleagues, but it has not been seen by others since the results of this are in press at the moment. We believe the method to be simple enough to be used for antibody testing on a mass basis. We believe also that it is more sensitive than any antibody method now in use. The method which I shall describe very briefly is based on the fact that a specific antibody retards the spread of a radioactive virus up a strip of filter paper. We think the test may have practical importance because it requires only 0.1 ml. of serum. This can be obtained by finger puncture, which is the way we have done it. The test can be completed in a few hours. Moreover, the materials required, cost approximately five cents. I do not think that we have time to go into it, but believe we can make this a very sensitive test, perhaps more so than any now available. In conducting the test hundreds of times, and in comparing it with standard neutralization tests, we have obtained a very high degree of correlation, something over 95 per cent. The present method we use is described in Fig. 1. A strip of filter paper is used. Although the figure shows only the first 23 centimeters, we actually have it 29 centimeters long, ruled off in centimeter spaces. This piece of filter paper is then suspended from a cork, and put into a test tube. At the bottom of the test tube there is 0.5 cc. of radioactive poliovirus suspension. The particular virus in this test was Type 2 with a titer of 15,000 TCD 50 per 0.1 ml. and radioactivity of 15,000 counts per minute. One tenth of 1 ml. of the serum to be tested is spread across space 3. The bottom part of the filter paper STRIP WITH ANTIBODY- NEG. SERUM 3.....ZONE 28 ... STRIP WITH ANTIBODY- -POS. SERUM 1.65 N 15 19 ~17~9 ~ 31 E1:~8$ 41 ¡92 .54 i19a 66 17? 70 7..... ZONE 18 ...... 7 225 EX96 41..... ZONELIOVIR .... 22 245 [78 249 227 247 207 261 .205 261 2:'55 293 3,45 23 F. 1 75 323 467* ZONEI . -POLIOVIRUS;. RESERVOIR Fi. 1 .. (space 1) is dipped into the virus, the paper being allowed to become wet. When the paper is wet all the way up to the top, it is taken out and put into an oven at 140' C.; this renders it non-infectious and makes the radioactive phosphorus stick to the paper. The paper strip is then fed into an automatic scanning device which plots the distribution of radioactivity on a graph. 266
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page Discussion .......... .......
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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imimmmmmñimmimmm-ñmñmñrmimmimmm
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Thank
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46 Discussion a paralytic case. Thi
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48 Discussion + - + + I + - I + + 1
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50 Discussion sages of neurovirulen
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Application of Genetic Markers to D
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Discussion 67 TABLE 1. INCIDENCE OF
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Experimental Studies on Animals wit
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6. DETECTION OF A "NON-DETECTABLE"
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Detection of a "Non-Detectable" Sim
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Discussion 87 Dr. Koprowski's state
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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128 Safety-Field Evidence óf Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
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11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Page 232 and 233: Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
Page 246 and 247: Development and Persistence of Poli
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Page 306 and 307: Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Page 312 and 313: Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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9. IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS
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Immunization of Newborn Infants wit
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Discussion 323 vaccinated siblings
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Discussion 325 Discussion 325 ance
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transplacental antibodies, or antib
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN STUART-HARRIS:
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations Qn First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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24. A SMALL-SCALE TRIAL WITH LIVE P
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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26. VACCINATION WITH ATTENUATED POL
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Vaccination with Attenuated Poliovi
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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594 Discussion 594 Disenísion ~ ~
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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