LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Further Experiences with Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccines in Minnesota 351 TABLE 10. DATA ON PARTICIPANTS FROM WHOM <strong>POLIO</strong>V<strong>IRUS</strong> WAS RECOVERED FROM THE PHARYNX GROVE EAST, 1959 onovalent (''pe 3) Bofors Au obo itters eedig After Feedg Sslk Day Afer T7pe Cae Ago Ser Status Fesedio Isolated 1 2 3 T and A .L.D. 3 F 3 8 3
352 Efficacy-Laboratory Evidence moved, were then inoculated with one ml. each of the maintenance medium in which the throat swabs had been immersed. The inoculated tubes were incubated, observed for cytopathogenic effect, and cytopathogenic agents were identified in the usual manner. Procedure for viremia demonstration. The sterilized ear lobe of the subject was punctured with the point of a number 11 Bard-Parker blade. Two strips of sterile filter paper (the size of litmus paper strips) were saturated with the blood and each strip was then immediately dropped into a monkey-kidney tissue culture tube. Tissue-culture tubes were incubated at 37 ° C. for seven days and observed daily for cytopathogenic effect. Transfer to a fresh monkey-kidney tissue culture tube was made if cytopathogenic effect was noted or at the end of seven days. The identification of the cytopathogenic agent was made in the usual manner. COMMENT Because of the incident mentioned in the section on "Results", one of the intents of this study was not fully realized. One cannot say absolutely that the effects of a trivalent vaccine have been compared with the effects of monovalent vaccines, Type 3 alone excepted. With respect to Type 3 in children, the monovalent, Type 3, vaccine and the trivalent form appear to act equally wellextremely well, in fact. In children, too, even though the results associated with the use of "monovalent vaccines, Types 1 and 2", might appear to be "too good", it is not too brazenly presumptuous to assume that for these types the monovalent and, as it turned out in some instances, a bivalent vaccine did act better than did the trivalent. However, the trivalent vaccine on the basis of the results reported here, emerges as a promising antigen. This promise is justified when measured by the ability of this preparation to induce antibody conversions to specific poliovirus types as well as when measured by its ability to create triple positives out of those who, pre-feeding, showed a deficiency in antibody to one or more of the poliovirus types. The promise is indeed good enough to submit this type of vaccine to the attention of public health workers as a tool worthy of consideration in the field of preventive medicine. The data on viremia and recovery of the viruses from the pharynx have been presented factually. There has been a little discussion relative to the relation of virus in the pharynx or blood and the associated antibody response. The important thing is that these phenomena do occur and that when they do the individual involved is subjectively unaware of the event. Likewise, the observer can find no objective clinical evidence to lead him to suspect that these phenomena are occurring. It is increasingly evident that the attenuated poliovirus does everything that the wild poliovirus does without producing clinical illness. Such an agent, harmless to man, can be used not only to produce immunity against poliomyelitis, but, in addition, such an agent, sentiently used in man, can serve as the means of studying out the detailed pathogenesis of the disease itself. REFERENCES 1. Barr, Robert N., Bauer, Henry, Kleinman, Herman, Johnson, Eugene A., Martins da Silva, Mauricio, Kimball, Anne C., and Cooney, Marion K.: Use of orally administered live attenuated polioviruses as a vaccine in a community setting: A controlled study. J. Am. M. Assn. 170: 893-905 (June 20) 1959. 2. Cox, Herald R., Cabasso, Victor J., Markham, Floyd S., Moses, Max J., Moyer, Arden W., Roca-García, Manuel, and Ruegsegger, James M.: Immunological response to trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine. Brit. M. J. 2: 591-597 (October 3) 1959. 3. Bauer, Henry, Barr, Robert N., Kleinman, Herman, Kimball, Anne C., Cooney, Marion K., Bearman, Jacob E., and Mathey, Wayne E.: Minnesota studies with oral poliomyelitis vaccines: 1. Efficacy of the vaccine in relation to its ingestion before and after food. 2. Observations on pharyngeal recovery of poliovirus. 3. Occurrence of viremia. In preparation. 4. Martins da Silva, Mauricio, McKelvey, John L., Prem, Konald A., Bauer, Henry, Cooney, Marion K., and Johnson, Eugene A.: Studies of orally administered attenuatedc live virus
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Thank
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46 Discussion a paralytic case. Thi
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48 Discussion + - + + I + - I + + 1
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50 Discussion sages of neurovirulen
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Application of Genetic Markers to D
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Discussion 67 TABLE 1. INCIDENCE OF
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Experimental Studies on Animals wit
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6. DETECTION OF A "NON-DETECTABLE"
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Detection of a "Non-Detectable" Sim
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Discussion 87 Dr. Koprowski's state
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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128 Safety-Field Evidence óf Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
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11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Virologic, Serologi
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cARE NUC:4I Discussion 267 CUAw # J
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Discussion 269 in the investigation
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Virological Findings, Antibody Resp
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4. ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION WITH ATTENU
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Routine Immunization With Attenuate
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Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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Page 360 and 361: Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN STUART-HARRIS:
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations Qn First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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24. A SMALL-SCALE TRIAL WITH LIVE P
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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26. VACCINATION WITH ATTENUATED POL
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Vaccination with Attenuated Poliovi
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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594 Discussion 594 Disenísion ~ ~
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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