LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants with Attenuated Polioviruses 301 6. Plotkin, S. A., Koprowski, H., Richardson, S. N., and Stokes, Jr., J.: Transmission of attenuated polioviruses during a vaccination trial in American middle economic group families. Acta Paediat. In press. 7. Buser, F. and Schar, M.: Schutzimpfung gegen poliomyelitis mit lebenden avirulenten viren. Schweiz. med. IVschr. 88: 12,'9.1284. 1958. 8. Pagano, J. S., Plotkin, S. A., Janowsky, C. C., Richardson, S. N., and Koprowski, H.: Routine immunization with oral attenuated poliovirus. J. Am. M. Assn. In press. 9. Likar, M., Bartley, E. O., and Wilson, D. C.: Observations on the Interaction of poliovirus in host cells in vitro. III. The effect of some bacterial metabolites and endotoxins. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 40: 391-397, 1959. 10. Good, R.: Report of a Conference on Resistance to Infection and Immunity in Early Infancy. March 1958, Columbus, Ohio, Ross Laboratories.
7. THE RESPONSE OF NEWBORN INFANTS TO VACCINATION WITH LIVING TYPE 1 <strong>POLIO</strong>V<strong>IRUS</strong> (SABIN-LSc, 2ab) PRELIMINARY REPORT* MARTHA LIPSON LEPOW, M.D., ROBERT J. WARREN, M.D.,t NIGEL GRAY, M.B.B.S., AND FREDERICK C. ROBBINS, M.D. Department of Pediatrics and Contagious Diseases Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital and Department of Pediatrics Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio DR. ROBBINS (presenting the paper): The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the newborn infant to vaccination with living attenuated polioviruses. Newborn infants are to be compared to those three months of age. The influence of certain other factors upon the success of vaccination is also being considered. These include the antibody titer in the infant's blood at the time of feeding and the acidity of the stomach. Data are also being obtained relative to the persistence of antibody, the immune response as determined by the susceptibility of the bowel on refeeding and by giving a booster injection of killed vaccine, the spread of virus within the family, and the genetic attributes of the virus excreted by the infants as compared to those of the virus fed. Unfortunately, the investigation is still in its early stages and relatively few data are available at the time of writing. Therefore, this can be no more than a brief preliminary report and will concern primarily the pattern of virus excretion and antibody response of newborns, as contrasted with a group of three-month-old infants. Data concerning the influence of serum antibody upon virus excretion and a few observations on familial spread of the virus will also be included. Because of the preliminary nature of this report we have not attempted to refer to the work of others. * Aided by a grant from The National Foundation. t Epidemic Intelligence Officer, Public Health Service. 302 MATERIALS AND METHODS Virus. The virus employed has been the Sabin Type 1 (LSc, 2ab) strain and was obtained from Dr. Sabin in sealed ampules of 1 ml. each. When titrated in this laboratory in monkey-kidney cell cultures, an ID,, of 10 - 7 .5 per ml. was obtained. This agrees well with the titers observed on repeated titration in Dr. Sabin's laboratory. Each newborn infant received 1 ml. of virus, or 107'5 TCID,, administered by dropper into the mouth. In order to conserve materials, the older infants have received 1 ml. of a 1:32 dilution of the same virus, given in the same manner. Antibody Determinations. Serum neutralizing antibody has been determined by the metabolic inhibition test of Salk, Youngner, and Ward. Sera are diluted in twofold steps starting at a dilution of 1:4, 100 ID 50 of virus are added to each tube, and monkey-kidney cells are employed as the indicator system. COLLECTION OF SPECIMENS Blood. Blood samples are secured from pregnant mothers in the prenatal clinic one month to six weeks before their expected date of delivery and cord blood is collected in the delivery room. A further sample is obtained from each infant at the age of three months and additional ones will be taken as indicated. Those infants who are three months old at the time of feeding are bled before the vaccine is ad-
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Thank
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46 Discussion a paralytic case. Thi
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48 Discussion + - + + I + - I + + 1
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50 Discussion sages of neurovirulen
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Application of Genetic Markers to D
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Discussion 67 TABLE 1. INCIDENCE OF
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Experimental Studies on Animals wit
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6. DETECTION OF A "NON-DETECTABLE"
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Detection of a "Non-Detectable" Sim
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Discussion 87 Dr. Koprowski's state
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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128 Safety-Field Evidence óf Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
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11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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Page 268 and 269: Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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444 Effcaey-Field Evidence 44 Efiay
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446 Efficacy-Field Evidence 446 Eff
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448 Efficacy-Field Evidence 448 lEf
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450 Efficacy-Field Evidence m Co 0
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452 Efficacy-Field Evidence ] ~~ ~
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454 Efficacy-Field Evidence It is n
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Immunological and Epidemiological E
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations Qn First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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25. VACCINATION AND CHALLENGE-POLIO
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Vaccination and Challenge-Poliomyel
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Vaccination with Attenuated Poliovi
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Discussion 575 ence last year. The
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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use o
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596 Discussion 596 Díscussion~~~~~
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598 Discussion 598 Discussion high
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602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
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Appendix The following letter was r
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608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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610 Index Bulychev, N. P., paper, 4
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612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
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614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
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616 Index Genetic stability-continu
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618 Index Infants-continued source
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620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
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622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
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624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
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626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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628 Index Serological response-cont
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630 Index T marker-continued T- str
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632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
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634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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