LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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Large-Scale Practical Trials, Use of Live Poliovirus Vaccine in USSR 587 Poliomyelitis in the Lithuanian SSR Reduction in the period June to December 1959 inclusive 100 90 80 70 Compared with the average over many years 212:17=12.5 Compored with 1955 411:17=24.2 Compared with 1956 247:17=14.5 Compared with 1957 124:17=7.3 Compared with 1958 264:17 15.5 v. 60 o 50 o Z 40- 30- 20 10 16 The The vertical axis of the graph shows the number of cases. horizontal axis shows the months from June-December 1959. 0 1 959 fl 'CZ 1 The broken line is the average number cases over many years. Mos. VI VII VIl IX X XI XII DIAGRAM 2. Poliomyelitis in the Lithuanian SSR. Reduction in the number of cases in 1959 after immunization with the live vaccine. of tions, carried out in carefully controlled surveys, established that mass immunization with live poliovirus vaccine is highly effective from an epidemiological point of view. In the Esthonian, Lithuanian (see Diagrams 1 and 2), and Latvian Republics, where mass vaccination had been finished in the main before 1 June 1959, a sharp reduction in morbidity (down to single cases) was achieved in the second half of the year. This can be considered as a proof of the effectiveness of the live vaccine. In the Moscow Oblast, the City of Karaganda and some other regions, where oral administration of trivalent vaccine was begun at the height of the seasonal rise in morbidity, a considerabre reduction was nevertheless noted in the number of cases among vaccinated persons compared with the number among the unvaccinated (between 9.5 and 10.8-fold). It is important to note that single-stage mass vaccination with trivalent live vaccine carried out during a poliomyelitis epidemic in Tashkent in 1959 fully confirmed the possibility of seriously reducing the epidemic incidence of poliomyelitis in five weeks as a result of the interference of the vaccinal virus with the epidemic process and the increasing level of immunization of susceptible groups. In conclusion, a feature worthy of comment is the fruitful international cooperation on the problem of the live poliovirus vaccine which has grown up between scientists in the USA, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, the People's Republic of China, Bulgaria, etc. on the basis of a wide exchange of scientific information, personal meetings, the exchange of the results of research work and mutual support. What has been done so far is undoubtedly only a very promising beginning to regular inter-
588 Efficacy-Field Evidence national cooperation between medical research workers in the future with a view to the possible elimination of some infectious diseases or a sharp reduction in their number. BIBLIOGRAPHY Chumakov, M. P., et al.: "The mass oral immunization of the population in the Soviet Union against poliomyelitis with live vaccine made from attenuated Sabin strains." Moscow, 1960. - --- : Vopr. virus. 5:520-529, 529.533, 1959. Proceedings of the Fourth Session of the Institute for the Study of Poliomyelitis of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and of the International Symposium on Live Poliovirus Vaccine, Moscow, 17-20 May, 1960. Smorodintsev, A. A., et al.: Results of a study of the reactogenic and immunogenic properties of live antipoliomyelitis vaccine. Bull. IVorld Health Org. 20:1053-1074, 1959.
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES Papers Pre
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SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
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Preface The accumulation of informa
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Page 6. Vaccination of Full-Term In
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Page 23. Vaccination against Poliom
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Dr. Ghislain COURTOIS Director, Pri
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Dr. Edith PETTE Institute for the R
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4 Introductory Remarks 4 Introducto
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6 General Considerations immunity a
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8 General Considerations from accep
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10 General Considerations 10 Genera
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14 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of At
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- 26 Safety-Laboratory Evidence of
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: There
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30 Discussion CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Th
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32 TABLE 1. Safety-Laboratory Evide
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40 Discussion Of the 22 monkeys inf
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ANDERSON: Thank
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46 Discussion a paralytic case. Thi
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48 Discussion + - + + I + - I + + 1
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50 Discussion sages of neurovirulen
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Application of Genetic Markers to D
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Discussion 67 TABLE 1. INCIDENCE OF
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Experimental Studies on Animals wit
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6. DETECTION OF A "NON-DETECTABLE"
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Detection of a "Non-Detectable" Sim
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Discussion 87 Dr. Koprowski's state
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Discussion 89 recognize its effects
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Laboratory Investigations of Attenu
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Discussion 99 In the case of Table
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8. BEHAVIOR OF COLD MUTANTS OF POLI
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Behavior of Cold Mutants of Poliovi
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN BURNET: Thank y
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114 Safety-Field Evidence of Safety
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118 S afety-Field Evidence of S af
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122 Discussion 122 Discussion~~~~~~
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10. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF TH
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126 VIRUS 1 MAhONEY Safety-Field Ev
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128 Safety-Field Evidence óf Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: This p
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11. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL
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12. SPREAD OF A VACCINE STRAIN OF P
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148 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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152 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Safet
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN ZHDANOV: The pa
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158 Discussion 158 Díscussion~~~~~
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160 Discussion specimens. We were u
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. . . 168 Safety-Field Evidence of
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14. THE CAPACITY OF LIVE ATTENUATED
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176 Saf ety-Field Evidence of Saf e
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Field, Laboratory Experiences With
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16. STUDIES ON LIVE POLIOVIRUS VACC
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Studies on Live Poliovirus Vaccine
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Da. HORSTMANN: If I may answer for
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Discussion 205 Discussion 205 tried
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NOTE: The Spanish translation of th
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Vaccination of Pregnant Women and Y
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Development and Persistence of Poli
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Virologic, Serologic Investigations
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Virologic, Serologi
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cARE NUC:4I Discussion 267 CUAw # J
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Discussion 269 in the investigation
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Virological Findings, Antibody Resp
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4. ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION WITH ATTENU
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Routine Immunization With Attenuate
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Experimental Infectionwith CHATAtte
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Experimental Infection with CHATAtt
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Vaccination of Full-Term Infants wi
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Response of Newborn Infants to Vacc
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Susceptibility of Newborn Infants t
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9. IMMUNIZATION OF NEWBORN INFANTS
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Immunization of Newborn Infants wit
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Discussion 323 vaccinated siblings
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Discussion 325 Discussion 325 ance
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transplacental antibodies, or antib
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Discussion 329 Discussion 329 born
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Recent Experience with Lederle Triv
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11. FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH ORAL P
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Further Experiences with Oral Polio
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Minnesota Studies with Oral Poliomy
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13. USE OF ATTENUATED LIVE POLIOVIR
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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Use of Attenuated Live Poliovirus V
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: The tw
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Discussion 373 -~~~~~~ics o 7 domin
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Discussion 375 -~ ~~~~isuso 7 DR. C
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i 14. EFFECTS OF RAPID MASS IMMUNIZ
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Live Poliovirus Immunization-Condit
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Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Vacc
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- Use of Sabin's Live Poliovirus Va
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TABLE 14. Use of Sabin's Live Polio
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Discussion 411 DR. ANDERSON: My que
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Course of Mass Immunization in USSR
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, _ _ Course of Mass Immunization i
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DISCUSSION CHAIRMAN LÉPINE: Thank
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Discussion 431 DR. STUART-HARRIS: I
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436 Efficacy-Field Evidence TABLE 1
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438 Efficacy-Field Evidence Adminis
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456 Efficacy-Field Evidence M.G. C
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460 460 Discussion Discussion~~~~~~
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462 Discussion one was sponsored by
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Vaccination with CHAT Strain Type 1
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Live Virus Vaccine Studies in South
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Discussion 481 the ages of the five
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Further Observations on First Field
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Further Observations on First FielJ
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Poliomyelitis Vaccination in Poland
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24. A SMALL-SCALE TRIAL WITH LIVE P
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Live Poliomyelitis Vaccine-Small-Sc
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Page 619 and 620: 602 Summary of the Conference 602 S
Page 622: Appendix The following letter was r
Page 625 and 626: 608 Index Antibodies-continued half
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Page 629 and 630: 612 Index Coxsackie--continued B-3
Page 631 and 632: 614 Index Epidemics-continued intro
Page 633 and 634: 616 Index Genetic stability-continu
Page 635 and 636: 618 Index Infants-continued source
Page 637 and 638: 620 Index Laboratory surveillance d
Page 639 and 640: 622 Index Monkey neurovirulence, 95
Page 641 and 642: 624 Index pH neutralization test, 6
Page 643 and 644: 626 Index Poliomyelitis virus-conti
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Page 647 and 648: 630 Index T marker-continued T- str
Page 649 and 650: 632 Index Vaccine, Attenuated-conti
Page 651: 634 Index Virus isolations and anti
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LIVE POLIO IRUS VACCINES

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