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selective approach to the principle, embodied in the new phrase não indiferença (‘nonindifference’).567The primary channels of criticism were the media 568 and Congress, where divergentviews coalesced around outspoken individuals.In summary, criticism is levelled at PT’s foreign policy at a number of levels, namelythe institutional level and the extent of its ‘indoctrination’ of Itamaraty; the foreignpolicy formulation level, which is seen as being ‘top-down’ and exclusive, leavingroom only for those few PT functionaries (close to Lula) with international relationsexposure; and finally, in terms of substance, where the anti-Americanism and antiimperialismof PT’s foreign policy are seen as obstacles to Brazil’s interests in theregion and beyond.6.6. Resource Mobilisation and Extraction under Lula (2003-2010)The fact that Brazil, as a rapidly rising power in South America did not respond in amanner predicted by the neorealist paradigm to a number of significant changes inits external environment is not attributable to the fact that Brazil is a different kindof state. As this chapter claims, it is more fruitful to see Brazil’s responses tochanges in its external environment in terms of its own available resources andcapabilities, and indeed, in terms of the perspectives – and perceptions – of keydecisionmakers. The discussion in the next two sections follows a chronologicalorder, and discusses events and factors affecting state institutions related to foreignpolicy formulation; ideology and nationalism, all determinants of state power.Structural ContextThe main global and regional structural changes to take place during and around theadministration of Lula were the following:567 See Roberto Almeida, “Brazil and Non-Intervention”. See also Brazil’s position at thePlenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the responsibility to protect, 23 July, 2009.Accessed online at: http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/Brazil_ENG.pdf on 7 March,2011.568 The editors of O Estado de São Paulo and Veja were particularly antagonistic towardLula and his foreign policy. See Paulo Roberto Almeida, “Uma nova ‘arquitetura’diplomática?, 106.223