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A prominent official discourse on the part of the Brazilian government regarding itsinvolvement in Haiti, meanwhile, is the idea of the novelty of the Brazilianengagement, as well as its distinctiveness from the typical interventions by‘Northern’ states. This novelty, according to the Ministry of External Relations,stems from the Brazilian component of the Mission’s foundations in solidarity withthe Haitian people. This idea has extended to Brazil’s trilateral initiative with SouthAfrica and India, situated in Carrefour Feuilles, a town in Haiti, comprising aflagship project of the IBSA Trust Fund. 693 This novelty implies that Brazil seeksthe good of Haiti and not exclusively its own benefit by engaging in MINUSTAH.It was severely undermined by continued accusations of human rights abusesagainst the Brazilian contingent. 694To return to the discussion initiated in Chapter 2 on internationalism as a basis forthe examination of South Africa’s and Brazil’s foreign policies, we are remindedthat:large developing countries [or countries of the South] have sought to embody aninternationalism in their foreign policies that is outward-looking, universalist, coexistenceoriented, and moderate. This means that a duty for international action isrecognised; action is predicated on the universal values of statehood; peace andsecurity represent higher values than the triumph of any particular value; and,change sought is moderate and gradual. 695It was shown in Chapter 2 how the crisis of Western [or Northern] liberalinternationalism during the 1990s and beyond, as well as pressing challenges toglobal governance, created conceptual and policy vacancies that allowed for theincreased participation in international questions by non-traditional powers. Thislatter, Southern internationalism was thus characterised as being informed by twokey elements, namely: the pre-eminence of the state, and the commitment tosolidarity. Both factors are prominent in the history of internationalism in thedeveloping world. Two additional factors are the commitment to multilateralismand non-violent resolution of disputes, which were also salient features of Westerninternationalism prior to the more adventurous foreign policies of Western powers693 See IBSA/UNDP South-South Cooperation Website. Accessed online at:http://tcdc2.undp.org/IBSA/Default.aspx on 9 December, 2010.694 Maria Luisa Mendonça, “UN Troops Accused of Human Rights Violations in Haiti”,Centre for International Policy. 29 January, 2008. Accessed online at:http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/3056.cfm on 6 September 2011.695 Chapter 2 of the current work, 59.268