Download - LSE Theses Online - London School of Economics and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

UOL Notícias. 2009. “Celso Amorim filia-se ao PT, afirma presidente do partido”.30 September, 2009. Accessed online at:http://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/2009/09/30/ult5773u2621.jhtm on 6September, 2011.Vale, Peter and Sipho Maseko. 1998. “South Africa and the African Renaissance”,in International Affairs, Vol. 74, No. 2, pp271-287.______and Ian Taylor. 1999. “South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Foreign Policy FiveYears On – From Pariah State to ‘Just Another Country’?, The Round Table, Vol. 88,Issue 352, pp629-634.van der Westhuizen, Janis. 1998. “South Africa’s emergence as a middle power”, inThird World Quarterly, Vol. 19, No.3, pp435-456.Van Nieuwkerk, Anthoni. 2003. “Report: IRPS Cluster Review”, Institute forGlobal Dialogue: Midrand.______. 2006. “South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Foreign Policy Decision-Making onAfrican Crises”, unpublished PhD Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand:Johannesburg.Vaz, Alcides Costa. 2004. “Brazilian Foreign Policy under Lula: Change orContinuity?”, in ‘Dialogue on Globalization’ Briefing Papers, Friedrich EbertStiftung Brazil, April 2004.Veja online. 2003. “Um diplomata alternativo”, in Veja on-line, 22 October 2003,accessed online at: http://veja.abril.com.br/221003/p_040.html, on 15 July 2010.______. 2003. “Brazilians, go home?”, 22 January, 2003. Edition 1, 786. Accessedonline at: http://veja.abril.com.br/220103/p_068.html on 29 July, 2010.Velásquez, Arturo C. Sotomayor. 2009. “Different Paths and Divergent Policies inthe UN Security System: Brazil and Mexico in Comparative Perspective”, inInternational Peacekeeping, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp 364-378.Vertzberger, Yaacov. Y.I. 1984. Misperceptions in Foreign Policymaking: The Sino-IndianConflict 1959-1962. Westview Press: Boulder, CO.Vidigal, Carlos. 2010. “Brazil: a cordial power? Brazilian diplomacy in the early 21 stcentury”, in RECIIS, Vol. 4, No.1, pp33-41.Vigevani, Tullo and Gabriel Cepaluni. 2007. “Lula’s foreign policy and the quest forautonomy through diversification”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 28, Issue 7, pp1309-1326.______. 2009. Brazilian Foreign Policy in Changing Times. Translated by LeandroMoura. Lexington Books: Lanham.Viotti, Maria. 2009. “Remarks by H.E. Ambassador Viotti, PermanentRepresentative of Brazil to the United Nations, Plenary Meeting of the General378
Assembly on the responsibility to protect”, 23 July, 2009. Accessed online at:http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/Brazil_ENG.pdf on 27 November, 2010.Von Einsiedel, Sebastian and David M. Malone. 2006. “Peace and Democracy forHaiti: A UN Mission Impossible?”, in International Relations, Vol. 20, No.2, pp153-174.Walt, Stephen M. 1987. The Origins of Alliances. Cornell University Press: Ithaca.Waltz, Kenneth N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley: Boston.Weber, Cynthia. 1999. Faking It: US Hegemony in a “Post-Phallic” Era. University ofMinnesota Press: Minneapolis and London.Website of the Socialist International (SI), accessed at:http://www.socialistinternational.org/about.cfm on 30 October, 2010.Weiss, Thomas G. 2003. “The Illusion of UN Security Council Reform”, in TheWashington Quarterly, Vol.26, No.4, pp147-161.Wheeler, Nicholas J. 1992. “Pluralist or Solidarist Conceptions of InternationalSociety: Bull and Vincent on Humanitarian Intervention”, in Millennium: Journal ofInternational Studies, Vol. 21, Issue 3, 463-487.Wikipedia, ‘Partido dos Trabalhadores’, accessed at:http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores on 26 June, 2011.______. “List of aircraft carriers by country”, accessed online at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_carriers_by_country on 7 September,2011.Wilkinson, Isambard. 2004. “Election blow to Bush’s war on terror”, in TheTelegraph, accessed online at:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/spain/1456911/Electionblow-to-Bushs-war-on-terror.htmlon 11 August, 2010.Williams, Paul. 2000. “South African Foreign Policy: Getting Critical?”, in Politikon,Vol. 27, No.1, pp73-91.Wohlforth, William C. and Stephen D. Brooks. 2005. “Hard Times for SoftBalancing”, in International Security, Vol. 30, Issue 1, pp72-108.Wolf-Phillips, Leslie. 1987. “Why ‘Third World’? Origin, Definition and Usage”, inThird World Quarterly, Vol. 9, No4, pp1311-27.World Bank Data: Brazil.World Bank Data: South Africa.World Bank, World Development Indicators.379
Page 2:
To my parents, Christopher and Vali
Page 7 and 8:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSNothing that preced
Page 10 and 11:
LIST OF SIGNIFICANT ACRONYMS AND AB
Page 12 and 13:
PTRDPSACPSADCSPLMSWAPOUNCTADUNMIHUN
Page 14:
Chapter 7 The New Internationalists
Page 18 and 19:
Chapter 1: Introduction1.1. Context
Page 20 and 21:
overwhelmingly, yet not completely,
Page 22 and 23:
Hence, shifts in the international
Page 24 and 25:
antipathy of the IR literature to a
Page 26 and 27:
frowned upon by developed and devel
Page 28 and 29:
identify cases - and these were num
Page 30 and 31:
politics and political lobbying. Th
Page 32 and 33:
This is followed by the presentatio
Page 34 and 35:
emerging powers Brazil, Russia, Ind
Page 36 and 37:
decades. More a collection of works
Page 38 and 39:
exercised more frequently, where th
Page 40 and 41:
The role of left-leaning political
Page 42 and 43:
outcomes? Which instruments have th
Page 44 and 45:
percent. 56 In South Africa, Blacks
Page 46 and 47:
Brazil, because in engaging in this
Page 48 and 49:
which domestic institutional arrang
Page 51 and 52:
Chapter 2: Internationalism in the
Page 53 and 54:
potentially providing indications o
Page 55 and 56:
and most important, that these two
Page 57 and 58:
According to Goldmann, internationa
Page 59 and 60:
granted that states will always hav
Page 61 and 62:
transformation in the anarchical in
Page 63 and 64:
2.2.3 Post-Cold WarThe immediate af
Page 65 and 66:
emains a rallying cry in contempora
Page 67 and 68:
their stress on peaceful settlement
Page 69 and 70:
epresentation; and peaceful mechani
Page 71 and 72:
experienced international marginali
Page 73 and 74:
colonial state. 136 The commitment
Page 75 and 76:
dominant nations which may hope to
Page 77:
domestic welfare arrangements and f
Page 80 and 81:
foreign policy. The latter include
Page 82 and 83:
adjust to shifts in their internati
Page 84 and 85:
to seemingly altruistic or ‘ethic
Page 86 and 87:
ethics may underpin the same foreig
Page 88 and 89:
As noted by Taliaferro, however, ne
Page 90 and 91:
Systemic Constraints :AnarchyRelati
Page 92 and 93:
Neorealism’s emphasis on the syst
Page 94 and 95:
the executive (i.e. Lead ministries
Page 96 and 97:
individuals - located at the “int
Page 98 and 99:
argument, and rational cost-benefit
Page 100 and 101:
nature of interim or transitional g
Page 102 and 103:
The neoclassical realist framework
Page 104 and 105:
104
Page 106 and 107:
practicable and analytically releva
Page 108 and 109:
(CUT), the main trade union confede
Page 110 and 111:
These incipient foreign policy prin
Page 112 and 113:
each province, consisting of 10 del
Page 114 and 115:
While this figure is small in globa
Page 116 and 117:
mercantilist’, 238 or ‘revoluti
Page 118 and 119:
The party’s commitment to the pro
Page 120 and 121:
2. Strengthening of South-South Co-
Page 122 and 123:
Some of South Africa’s accomplish
Page 124 and 125:
slavery. Even Brazil’s participat
Page 126 and 127:
that was seen to be experiencing a
Page 128 and 129:
The Presidency makes foreign policy
Page 130 and 131:
and socialisation practices, as wel
Page 132 and 133:
members were negotiated. 296 Recent
Page 134 and 135:
President Lula’s second and last
Page 136 and 137:
4.2.3. International OutlookBrazil
Page 138 and 139:
linguistic distinction from its Spa
Page 140 and 141:
welfare measures. The party’s rel
Page 142 and 143:
142
Page 144 and 145:
missions and disaster relief. Yet,
Page 146 and 147:
international orientation. Most of
Page 148 and 149:
electoral system. The following sec
Page 150 and 151:
identity changed as the challenges
Page 152 and 153:
to the United States, with the atte
Page 154 and 155:
eforms undertaken in the mid-1980s.
Page 156 and 157:
ecognised as the ‘sole legitimate
Page 158 and 159:
whole world. ANC solidarity was not
Page 160 and 161:
1994, 370 placing tangible limits o
Page 162 and 163:
The organisation’s main shortcomi
Page 164 and 165:
Much of Mandela’s tenure as Presi
Page 166 and 167:
with more wealthy donors in the Glo
Page 168 and 169:
complicates the task of separating
Page 170 and 171:
Thabo Mbeki was frequently lampoone
Page 172 and 173:
the social-democratic Reconstructio
Page 174 and 175:
At the helm of DFA were two individ
Page 176 and 177:
policy. One, which is less signific
Page 178 and 179:
Globally, the United States and its
Page 180 and 181:
South Africa under Mbeki had decide
Page 182 and 183:
his support for Mugabe against the
Page 184 and 185:
on Participation in International P
Page 186 and 187:
(FOCAC) Conference in November. The
Page 188 and 189:
Mbeki’s last full year in office,
Page 190 and 191:
190
Page 192 and 193:
international norms and regimes. 45
Page 194 and 195:
of Brazil. In this discussion, Braz
Page 196 and 197:
This period came to an end during t
Page 198 and 199:
This dilemma - the choice between c
Page 200 and 201:
on so-called ‘cultural diplomacy
Page 202 and 203:
exchange rate movements and the cap
Page 204 and 205:
and conflict resolution under the W
Page 206 and 207:
Brazil’s military capabilities ar
Page 208 and 209:
shifts in its approach to Brazil’
Page 210 and 211:
een required of PT as a party of th
Page 212 and 213:
A number of scholars are agreed tha
Page 214 and 215:
leader…espousing a populist polit
Page 216 and 217:
foreign policy document, it was the
Page 218 and 219:
election campaign, a rarity for a f
Page 220 and 221:
alumni, have been the subject of mu
Page 222 and 223:
6.5. Criticism from other political
Page 224 and 225:
- the 2001 attacks on the United St
Page 226 and 227:
Middle East, but they also appeared
Page 228 and 229:
limitations on its capacities for w
Page 230 and 231:
São Tomé and Principe, Ethiopia a
Page 232 and 233:
emphasised the principle of non-int
Page 234 and 235:
US$180 bn, compared to US$85 bn the
Page 236 and 237:
underscored by increased military s
Page 238 and 239:
country enjoyed, and by the apparen
Page 240 and 241:
Chapter 7: The New Internationalist
Page 242 and 243:
from their repeatedly-stated commit
Page 244 and 245:
On this occasion the force was able
Page 246 and 247:
Instead, France and the US were mor
Page 248 and 249:
and groups in their efforts to prom
Page 250 and 251:
to the leader of the Parliamentary
Page 252 and 253:
Aristide’s birthday, our people w
Page 254 and 255:
7.4. Brazil’s strategy on Haiti:
Page 256 and 257:
taken by two branches of the armed
Page 258 and 259:
esolutions). 664 A primary example
Page 260 and 261:
However, Haiti was not merely a hum
Page 262 and 263:
to share its experiences of securin
Page 264 and 265:
giving near-automatic assent to the
Page 266 and 267:
• Universalism, and• Internatio
Page 268 and 269:
A prominent official discourse on t
Page 270 and 271:
so this was an issue area that was
Page 272 and 273:
Part III: Thematic Discussion and C
Page 274 and 275:
Chapter 8: Neoclassical Realism, In
Page 276 and 277:
policymaking elites of these states
Page 278 and 279:
commitments have a substantial impa
Page 280 and 281:
The resulting statement that the fi
Page 282 and 283:
In South Africa, the intervening va
Page 284 and 285:
liberation movement, has assumed mo
Page 286 and 287:
South Africa expanded its engagemen
Page 288 and 289:
more pragmatic, without losing sigh
Page 290 and 291:
at the unit-level, where the state
Page 292 and 293:
falls short of capturing the full g
Page 294 and 295:
a political or material nature, in
Page 296 and 297:
It is also plausible to expect that
Page 298 and 299:
national capabilities and therewith
Page 300 and 301:
300
Page 302 and 303:
Appendix 1: Brazilian Presidents si
Page 304 and 305:
1910: Formation of the Union of Sou
Page 306 and 307:
2004: ANC wins landslide election v
Page 308 and 309:
1960: Jânio Quadro is elected pres
Page 310 and 311:
Renan Calheiros, speaker of the Sen
Page 312 and 313:
31 May 2004: Jean-Bertrand Aristide
Page 314 and 315:
SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberMap
Page 316 and 317:
OctoberNovemberDecember11: South Af
Page 318 and 319:
JuneJuly23: South Africa participat
Page 320 and 321:
OctoberNovemberreadiness for South
Page 322 and 323:
FebruaryMarchSouth Africa establish
Page 324 and 325:
June 2006, legislative andmunicipal
Page 326 and 327:
FebruaryKuwaiti deputy premier visi
Page 328 and 329: Appendix 6: Selected Brazilian Inte
Page 330 and 331: agreement proposed by theUSA to gra
Page 332 and 333: in Iran.2004JanuaryLula visits Indi
Page 334 and 335: Brazil is successful in its cottond
Page 336 and 337: Brazil opens Consulates-General in
Page 338 and 339: and MINUSTAH authorities.OctoberNov
Page 340 and 341: Maythe installation ofEMPBRAPA’s
Page 342 and 343: Honduras and Nicaragua withthe Inte
Page 344 and 345: NovemberLula requests Minister Amor
Page 346 and 347: AprilMayJuneJulyand the Palestinian
Page 348 and 349: REFERENCESList of InterviewsBrazilL
Page 350 and 351: ______, Sally Morphet and Marco Ant
Page 352 and 353: ______. 2004. “Aristide arrives i
Page 354 and 355: ______, Jacqueline Anne. 2003. “C
Page 356 and 357: Connors, Michael E. Connors. 2005.
Page 358 and 359: contributors). 1986. How Foreign Po
Page 360 and 361: Glenn, John. 2009. “Realism versu
Page 362 and 363: Hirst, Monica. 2009. “South Ameri
Page 364 and 365: Jönsson, Christer. 2002. “Chapte
Page 366 and 367: Lipton, Merle. 2009. “Understandi
Page 368 and 369: ______. 2004. “State of the Natio
Page 370 and 371: International Studies Convention, L
Page 372 and 373: Pfister, Roger. 2003. “Gateway to
Page 374 and 375: Samuels, David. 2004. “From Socia
Page 376 and 377: ______. 2003. “Culture(s) of the
Page 380: World Bank. 2009. Gross Domestic Pr
show all

Download - LSE Theses Online - London School of Economics and ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?