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According to Goldmann, internationalist outlooks may be seen as either inwardlookingor outward-looking. 84 Outward-looking programmes may be furtherdivided into particularist and universalist programmes. If a programme is outwardlookingand particularist, it seeks the holder’s own good and the propagation of hisown values; while universalist programmes tend to seek the realisation of valuesdeemed to be universally applicable. This is proposed in the current chapter as thedistinction between the internationalism of the developed and developing worlds.While the internationalism of the advanced countries has sought to propagate valuessuch as democracy and market capitalism, the internationalism of the developingworld has long sought to protect the rights of individual states to govern themselvesin the manner that each saw fit. While this position often fell prey to despotic selfinterest,its perspective is nonetheless worth closer analysis (see Section 2.3).The universalist outlook itself may be divided into a conflict-oriented outlook, and acoexistence-oriented outlook. For Jens Bartelson, this is a question about theultimate objective of systemic transformation:Whereas some have regarded and perhaps still would regard internationalism as away to bring about the victory of one set of universal values over rivaling ones,others would regard internationalism as a way of reconciling competing valuesystems in a pluralist world. 85Thus, what separates these two is the premium placed upon peace and security:while peace is the highest end of the coexistence-oriented outlook, for the conflictorientedoutlook, other values may take precedence, such as justice or equality, orhuman rights and democracy. 8684 Goldmann, The Logic of Internationalism: 2.85 Jens Bartelson, “The Trial of Judgment: A Note on Kant and the Paradoxes ofInternationalism”, International Studies Quarterly, 39, No.2 (1995): 256.86 Goldmann, The Logic of Internationalism: 3.57