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Appendix 1: Brazilian Presidents since 1930 !October 1930 – November 1930:Augusto Fragoso, Isaías de Noronha,and Mena Barreto3 November 1930 – 29 October 1945: Getúlio Vargas (dictatorship)29 October 1945 – 31 January 1936: José Linhares31 January 1946 – 31 January 1951: Gaspar Dutra31 January 1951 – 24 August 1954: Getúlio Vargas (civilian government)24 August 1954 – 9 November 1955: Café Filho9 November 1955 – 11 November 1955: Carlos Luz11 November 1955 – 31 January 1956: Nereu Ramos31 January 1956 – 31 January 1961: Juscelino Kubitschek31 January 1961 – 25 August 1961: Jânio Quadros25 August 1961 -7 September 1961: Ranieri Mazzilli7 September 1961 – 1 April 1964: João Goulart2 April 1964 -5 April 1964: Ranieri Mazzilli15 April 1964 – 15 March 1967: Castelo Branco15 March 1967 – 31 August 1969: Costa e Silva31 August 1969 – 30 October 1969: Augusto Rademaker, Aurélio deLira and Márcio Melo30 October 1969 – 15 March 1974: Emilio Medici15 March 1974 – 15 March 1979: Ernesto Geisel15 March 1979 – 15 March 1985: João Figueiredo15 March 1985 – 15 March 1990: José Sarney15 March 1990 – 29 December 1992: Fernando Collor de Mello29 December 1992 – 1 January 1995: Itamar Franco1 January 1995 – 1 January 2003: Fernando Henrique Cardoso1 January 2003 – 1 January 2011: Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva1 January 2011 – Present: Dilma Rousseff!Periods denoted in bold print indicate the years of the military dictatorship.302