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Download - LSE Theses Online - London School of Economics and ...

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emains a rallying cry in contemporary international relations, especially as apotential foil for latter-day Western interventionism.2.3 Internationalism <strong>and</strong> solidarity outside the WestInternationalism has long been a feature <strong>of</strong> the foreign policies <strong>of</strong> significant statesin the developing world. This form <strong>of</strong> internationalism came to be characterised byfour key features, namely: solidarity among developing states (or South-Southsolidarity); commitment to the non-use <strong>of</strong> force in the resolution <strong>of</strong> internationalconflicts; a commitment to non-inteference in the internal affairs <strong>of</strong> other states;<strong>and</strong>, the commitment to multilateralism.Solidarity has been a defining feature <strong>of</strong> the foreign policies <strong>of</strong> developing statessince the early years <strong>of</strong> independence. ‘Solidarity’ is defined as “Holding together,mutual dependence, community <strong>of</strong> interests, feelings, <strong>and</strong> action”. 109 Thisperspective informed the aforementioned internationalist foreign policies <strong>of</strong> theNordic states during the latter decades <strong>of</strong> the Cold War 110 . Yet, from the case <strong>of</strong>Cuba’s involvement in Angola’s civil war between 1975 <strong>and</strong> 1976, 111 to widespreadsupport for Palestinian statehood, what are here termed ‘third worldinternationalisms’ have been narrowly defined <strong>and</strong> infrequently analysed in theInternational Relations literature. 112The primary elements <strong>of</strong> a distinctly ‘Third World’ internationalism began tocrystallise at B<strong>and</strong>ung in 1955, at the Asian-African Conference. The realisation <strong>of</strong>their common concerns in international affairs led African <strong>and</strong> Asian leaders to startmeeting in the late 1950s, <strong>and</strong> to begin to constitute a common identity distinct109 Oxford English Dictionary.110 See Lawler, “The Good State”, 443.111 The declassification <strong>of</strong> Cuban government documents relating to the mid-1970smission in Angola lent credence to the contention that this mission was not conductedupon the instigation <strong>of</strong> the USSR, <strong>and</strong> hence was not a clear example <strong>of</strong> socialistinternationalism. See ‘The National Security Archive: Conflicting Missions: Secret CubanDocuments on History <strong>of</strong> African Involvement’. Accessed at:http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/ on 11 December 2007.112 Exceptions from cognate fields include: Richard L. Harris, “Cuban Internationalism,Che Guevara, <strong>and</strong> the Survival <strong>of</strong> Cuba’s Socialist Regime”, Latin AmericanPerspectives, 36, No.27 (2009); John M. Kirk, “Cuba’s Medical Internationalism:Development <strong>and</strong> Rationale”, Bulletin <strong>of</strong> Latin American Research, 28, No.4 (2009).65

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