ARUP; ISBN: 978-0-9562121-5-3 - CMBBE 2012 - Cardiff University

otations were kept at zero, since they were assumed not to influence the GHRF.
Shelf
Fig. 1. AnyBody model showing the ADL of reaching a top shelf 60 cm in front of the
head. The linear trajectory was used to guide the wrist towards the shelf.
3.3 Studied parameters
Both the magnitude (peak value) and the stability ratios of the GHRF were studied. The
stability ratio was computed as the ratio of the inferosuperior and anteroposterior
components by the compressive component of the GHRF, giving two distinct ratios
(Lippitt et al., 1993) (Lemieux et al., 2012).
4. RESULTS
Table 1 shows a comparison between the peak GHRF estimated by the AnyBody
shoulder model, the Delft shoulder model and in-vivo data from the Orthoload
database. Note that the GHRF is normalized by the body weight (%BW) of the subject.
Table 1 Comparison of the peak GHRF (%BW) for each movement with literature data.
MOVEMENTS
AnyBody model
(present study)
Delft model In-vivo
Nikooyan et
al. 2010
60 cm
Bergman et
al. 2007, 2011
Abduction 52% 61% 81%
Flexion 47% 61% 73%
Hair combing 51% 68%
Reaching a top
shelf
79%
87%
Shelf