LCA Food 2012 in Saint Malo, France! - Manifestations et colloques ...

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PARALLEL SESSION 1B: TOWARDS LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 7. Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy. We would like to thank Marty Heller of University of Michigan for his constructive comments and careful reading. 8. References Asselin-Balençon A. C., Popp J., Henderson A., Heller M., Thoma G., Jolliet O., 2012. Dairy farm greenhouse gas impacts: a parsimonious model for a farmer’s decision support tool. Int.Dairy J. Submitted. Ciroth A., Huppes G., Klopffer W., Rudenauer I., Steen B., Swarr T., 2008. Executive Summary in : Hunkeler D., Lichtenvort K., Rebitzer G. (Eds.), Environmental Life Cycle Costing. Setac, New York, US. Page xxvii. Ensave, 2010. Ensave Farm Energy Audit Report (Spruce Haven) September 2010. Audit financed by Dairy Management Inc. Huppes G., Ciroth A., Lichtenvort K., Rebitzer G. Schmitdt W., Seuring S. 2008. Modelling for life cycle costing in : Hunkeler D., Lichtenvort K., Rebitzer G. (Eds.), Environmental Life Cycle Costing. Setac, New York, US. Pages 17-34. Rotz, C. Alan, Michael S. Corson, Dawn S. Chianese, and Colette U. Coiner. 2011. The Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM): Reference Manual Version 3.4. Washington, DC, USA: Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit - Agricultural Research Service - United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.htm?docid=8519. Thoma, G., Popp, J., Shonnard, D. R., Nutter, D., Ulrich, R., Matlock, M. M., …Mayes, A., 2012. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Milk Production and Consumption in the United States: A cradle to grave life cycle assessment circa 2008. Int.Dairy J. Submitted. U.S. DoL (Department of Labor), 2012. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers - (CPI-U), U.S. city average, All items. ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/cpi/cpiai.txt U.S. EIA (Energy Information Administration), 2012. Electric Power Annual 2010. Table ES1. http://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/ 79
PARALLEL SESSION 1B: TOWARDS LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 Comparing integral sustainability performance of conventional farms with farms focussing on internal recycling of nutrients 80 Mark A. Dolman 1,2,* , Marthijn P.W. Sonneveld 3 , Herman Mollenhorst 2,4 , Imke J.M. de Boer 2 1 Agriculture Economics Research Institute, part of Wageningen University and Research centre, The Hague, The Netherlands 2 Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands 3 Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands 4 Business Economics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Corresponding author. E-mail: mark.dolman@wur.nl ABSTRACT Sustainable milk production systems require economically viable, environmentally sound and socially acceptable practices. We compared sustainability indicators of a group of conventional farms with a group of farms aiming at improved internal nutrient cycle (INC) on their farm. Economic performance was based on net farm income (NFI) and labour productivity. Environmental performance indicators were derived from a cradle-to-farm-gate life cycle assessment, i.e., land occupation (LO), non-renewable energy use (NREU), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP). Moreover, soil- and water quality were monitored. Societal performance was quantified with payments for ecosystem services, grazing hours and penalties for aberrant milk composition. INC farms positively differ from conventional farms in a lower non-renewable energy use, higher soil organic carbon and receiving higher payments for ecosystem services, without compromising on economic performance. High standard deviations for other indicators suggest that differences within both groups are mostly higher than between groups. Keywords: sustainability, FADN, dairy farming, nutrient cycling 1. Introduction A commonly used definition on sustainability is to meet the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations (WCED, 1987). Sustainable milk production systems require economically viable, environmentally sound and socially acceptable practices (Thomassen et al., 2009). Besides delivering marketable products, the delivery of products and services related to the quality of the environment, i.e. ecosystem services, is becoming increasingly important. Such services include the value of the landscape and the contribution to biodiversity, water storage and supply of clean groundwater (MEA, 2005). Soil quality is a key aspect with respect to ecosystem services (Bennet et al., 2010). Land use by agriculture, however, rapidly intensified, causing deterioration of soil structure, impoverishment of the soil and a decline in soil organic matter (EU, 2006). This deterioration of soil quality threatens the future food production and other important ecosystem services. The supply of ecosystem services in the Netherlands is originating from specific landscapes, for example the National Landscape ‘Noordelijke Friese Wouden (NFW)’ in the North of the Netherlands. Several farmers in this area follow a farming practice, aiming at an improved internal nutrient cycle (INC) on their farm. In order to minimize use of external inputs, INC farms focus on optimizing use of on-farm available resources, for example, soil organic matter, nutrients from manure and home-grown feed production (Van Hees et al., 2009). INC farms, therefore, can make a significant contribution to preservation of food producing capacity, while additionally producing ecosystem services. An integral assessment that quantifies the effect caused by this INC approach, however, is never performed. Several studies have assessed the environmental performance of INC farms in the past (Sonneveld et al., 2008). So far, however, no life cycle assessment (LCA) of INC farms has been performed. Moreover, an integral assessment, including economic, environmental, and societal indicators has never been performed. The objective of this study, therefore, is to quantify the economic, environmental and societal performance of INC farms in the NFW and, secondly, benchmark with a conventional milk production system comparable in terms of farm size, intensity and site-specific circumstances. 2. Methods 2.1. Data Data needed to quantify economic, environmental and societal indicators of farms were derived from the farm accountancy data network (FADN) and the Minerals Policy Monitoring Programme. We quantified a two-year average sustainability performance of nine INC farms (2008-2009). For every INC farm, a conventional ‘mirror-farm’ was composed from farms in FADN, using statistical matching. Central assumption for statistical matching is that farms resembling for the imputation variables, also resemble for the goal variables, in this case sustainability performance indicators (Vrolijk et al., 2005). For every INC farm, ten similar
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