LCA Food 2012 in Saint Malo, France! - Manifestations et colloques ...

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PARALLEL SESSION 7B: BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 Farming practices such as decreasing grass loss on pasture (S2), fattening female calves instead of rearing them as replacement heifers (S3), decreasing calving age (S5) and combination of S1, S2, S4, S5, S7 (S9) decreased the use of permanent grassland and total land occupation per kg of carcass mass by 12-23% and 9- 19%, respectively (Table 2). For these scenarios, if Corsican pine were planted on the released permanent grassland, CC/LULUC both per kg of carcass mass decreased by 19-48% (20.5, 19.2, 18.7 and 13.4 kg CO2 eq./kg carcass mass for S2, S3, S5 and S9, respectively). Corsican pine planted on released permanent grassland did not affect CED. This introduction of alternative land use influenced the CC/LULUC impact of the entire production system when comparing farming practices. Besides forest, there is no other alternative use of permanent grassland that can increase C sequestration in soil and biomass. This option appeared the most promising GHG mitigation strategy of beef production system without altering the farm’s productivity. Forest plantation may also enhance biodiversity of the production system. This study did not include the harvest of the even-aged forest, as a result of which, a part of C sequestered in the biomass will return into the atmosphere. On the other hand this biomass can be used as an energy resource to replace fossil energy which will contribute to GHG and energy use mitigation. In practice, planting even-aged forests is both labour-intensive and regulated at regional levels. Although the introduction of even-aged forest in regions dominated by grassland-based bovine production may not be welcomed by all stakeholders concerned, it certainly has a major potential to contribute to GHG mitigation of worldwide ruminant production. Furthermore, comparing farming practices with identical farm area, i.e. considering alternative land uses on farms, avoids relative changes in impacts according to each functional unit (per unit mass or unit of farm area). Table 2: Land occupation (m2*year/kg carcass mass) of baseline for standard beef-cattle production and farming-practice scenarios Land-use type Baseline S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 Permanent pasture 34.0 34.0 29.8 29.3 33.8 29.8 34.4 34.0 33.9 26.3 Temporary pasture 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.1 3.7 4.6 4.6 3.6 Arable land on-farm 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.9 8.2 8.2 9.3 8.3 6.4 8.0 Arable land off-farm 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 2.3 1.0 Other land off-farm 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Total 48.2 48.2 43.4 43.7 47.7 43.4 48.3 48.1 47.4 38.9 4. Conclusion It is difficult to strongly reduce the environmental impacts, and in particular the GHG emissions, of a beef-cattle production system as its impacts result to a very large extent from the suckler cow-calf herd, which offers few options to modify herd management and feeding strategies. Modification of individual farming-practices modestly affected the impacts of the whole beef system; the most promising practice is a radical change in herd management by decreasing calving age from 3 to 2 years. Our results suggest that simultaneous application of several compatible farming-practices can significantly reduce impacts of beefcattle production. However, our scenario did not consider possible interactions between farming practices. This point should be further explored, an approach combining system experiments and simulation modeling would seem appropriate. The introduction of even-aged forest as an alternative land use in beef cattle farms seems promising and merits further exploration. It illustrates that alternative land use may strongly reduce the climate change impact of the entire production system when comparing farming practices. 5. References Beauchemin, K.A., Janzen, H.H., Little, S.M., McAllister, T.A., McGinn, S.M., 2011.Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from beef production in western Canada - Evaluation using farm-based life cycle assessment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 166-167, 663- 677. Dawson, J.J.C., Smith, P., 2007. Carbon losses from soil and its consequences for land-use management. Sci. Total Environ. 382, 165-190. Eckard, R.J., Grainger, C., de Klein, C.A.M., 2010. Options for the abatement of methane and nitrous oxide from ruminant production: A review. Livest. Sci. 130, 47-56. Farrié, J.P., Renon, J., Bourge, C., Gros, J.M., Lahemade, T., Muron, G., Roudier, J., 2008. Conditions et conséquences de la mise en place du vêlage à deux ans dans un troupeau charolais. Renc. Rech. Ruminants 15, 147-150. INRA, 2007. Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins. Besoins des animaux, valeurs des aliments. Tables INRA 2007. Eds. Quae, 307p. Martin, C., Morgavi, D.P., Doreau, M., 2010. Methane mitigation in ruminants: from the rumen microbes to the farm scale. Animal 4, 351-365. 609
PARALLEL SESSION 7B: BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 Nguyen, T.T.H., van der Werf, H.M.G., Eugène, M., Veysset, P., Devun, J., Chesneau, G., Doreau, M., 2012. Effects of type of ration and allocation methods on the environmental impacts of beef-production systems. Livest. Sci. 145, 239-251. Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M., De Haan, C., 2006. Livestock’s Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. FAO, Rome, 390 p. Steinfeld, H., Mooney, H.A., Schneider, F., Neville, L.E., 2010. Livestock in a Changing Landscape. Drivers, Consequences, and Responses. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Vallet, P., Meredieu, C., Seynave, I., Bélouard, T., Dhôte, J.F., 2009. Species substitution for carbon storage: Sessile oak versus Corsican pine in France as a case study. Forest Ecol. Manage. 257, 1314-1323. 610
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