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LCA Food 2012 in Saint Malo, France! - Manifestations et colloques ...

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PLENARY SESSION 2: METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS8 th Int. Conference on <strong>LCA</strong> <strong>in</strong> the<br />

Agri-<strong>Food</strong> Sector, 1-4 Oct <strong>2012</strong><br />

based assessments of environmental, economic and social impacts, a Task Force of the UNEP-SETAC Life<br />

Cycle Initiative has published a framework for Life Cycle Susta<strong>in</strong>ability Assessment (UNEP-SETAC, 2011).<br />

This is a future area of research with potential to produce consistent and more comprehensive susta<strong>in</strong>ability<br />

assessments. One critical need, noted by the UNEP-SETAC framework y<strong>et</strong> lack<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> this assessment, is to<br />

def<strong>in</strong>e a common product system for the environmental, economic and social analysis. Use of a common<br />

product system would be more feasible if there were tools to support process-level life cycle assessment <strong>in</strong><br />

the areas of social and environmental susta<strong>in</strong>ability. As noted above, IO analysis operates on a sector-level,<br />

and <strong>in</strong> this case, the IO analyses could not be l<strong>in</strong>ked to the fluid milk life cycle (as a subs<strong>et</strong> of the dairy sector)<br />

exam<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> the environmental analysis. Socio-economic databases that provide process-level background<br />

data for an agreed-upon s<strong>et</strong> of socio-economic <strong>in</strong>dicators is a critical research need. Compil<strong>in</strong>g databases<br />

of process-level economic and social background data would be a feasible, practical step <strong>in</strong> this direction.<br />

6. References<br />

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social hotspot database. Susta<strong>in</strong>ability 4, 1946-1965.<br />

Benoît-Norris, C., Aulisio, D., Hallisey-Kepka, C., Norris, G.A., 2011. TSC – Prototype social scop<strong>in</strong>g report: Product category 7:<br />

Strawberry yogurt. New Earth &The Susta<strong>in</strong>ability Consortium (www.socialhotspot.org).<br />

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production. J. Dairy Sci., 95(1), 165-76. Elsevier. doi:10.3168/jds.2011-4360<br />

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Foltz, J., Jackson-Smith, D., Chen, L., 2002. Do purchas<strong>in</strong>g patterns differ b<strong>et</strong>ween large and small dairy farms? Economic evidence<br />

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Frischknecht, R., Rebitzer, G., 2005. The eco<strong>in</strong>vent database system: A comprehensive web-based <strong>LCA</strong> database. J. Clean. Prod.<br />

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Harrison, J., Lloyd, S., O’Kane, T., 2009. Dairy workers <strong>in</strong> Wiscons<strong>in</strong>: Tasks, shifts, wages, and benefits (Brief<strong>in</strong>g No. 3). Chang<strong>in</strong>g<br />

hands: Hired labour on Wiscons<strong>in</strong> dairy farms. Madison, WI, Program on Agricultural Studies, University of Wiscons<strong>in</strong>-<br />

Madison.<br />

Heijungs, R., Goedkoop, M.J., Strujis, J., Efft<strong>in</strong>g, S., Sevenster, M. Huppes, G. (2010). Towards a life cycle impact assessment<br />

m<strong>et</strong>hod which comprises category <strong>in</strong>dicators at the midpo<strong>in</strong>t and the endpo<strong>in</strong>t level, Report of the first project phase: Design of<br />

the new m<strong>et</strong>hod. R<strong>et</strong>rieved from www.lcia-recipe.n<strong>et</strong>.<br />

Jackson-Smith, D., Gillespie Jr., G.W., 2005. Impacts of farm structural change on farmers’ social ties. Soc. Nat. Resour., 18(3), 215-<br />

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Jesse, E. (2002) R<strong>et</strong>h<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g dairyland: Background for decisions about Wiscons<strong>in</strong>’s dairy <strong>in</strong>dustry. Mark<strong>et</strong><strong>in</strong>g and Policy Brief<strong>in</strong>g<br />

Paper No. 78A, May 2002, University of Wiscons<strong>in</strong>.<br />

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impact assessment m<strong>et</strong>hodology. Int. J. <strong>LCA</strong>, 8(6), 324-330.<br />

Lautier, A., Rosenbaum, R. K., Margni, M., Bare, J. C., Roy, P.-O., & Deschênes, L. (2010). Development of normalization factors<br />

for Canada and the United States and comparison with European factors. Sci. Tot. Env., 409(1), 33-42. Elsevier B.V.<br />

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.016<br />

Lobao, L., Stofferahn, C., 2008. The community effects of <strong>in</strong>dustrialized farm<strong>in</strong>g: Social science research and challenges to corporate<br />

farm<strong>in</strong>g laws. Agric. Hum. Val. 25, 219-240.<br />

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www.dairywellbe<strong>in</strong>g.org/guidel<strong>in</strong>es.php.<br />

Popp, J., Kemper, N., Miller, W., McGraw, K., Karr, K., 2010. The Economic Contribution of the Agricultural Sector to the Arkansas<br />

Economy <strong>in</strong> 2008, Research Report No. 989. Little Rock, AR.<br />

Salant, P.,Wulfhorst, J.D., Kane, S., Dearien, C., 2009. Community level impacts of Idaho’s chang<strong>in</strong>g dairy <strong>in</strong>dustry. Moscow, ID:<br />

University of Idaho, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences.<br />

Thoma, G., Popp, J., Shonnard, D., Nutter, D., Ulrich, R., Matlock, M., Kim, D., Neiderman, Z., East, C., Adom, F., Kemper, N.,<br />

Mayes, A., (<strong>2012</strong>). Greenhouse gas emissions from milk production and consumption <strong>in</strong> the United States: A cradle to grave life<br />

cycle assessment circa 2008. Int. Dairy J, submitted.<br />

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2005<br />

UNEP/SETAC, 2011. Towards a life cycle susta<strong>in</strong>ability assessment: Mak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formed choices on products. Paris, <strong>France</strong>:<br />

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USDA NASS, 2010. Overview of the United States dairy <strong>in</strong>dustry. R<strong>et</strong>rieved from<br />

http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/USDairyIndus/USDairyIndus-09-22-2010.pdf<br />

238

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