LCA Food 2012 in Saint Malo, France! - Manifestations et colloques ...

PARALLEL SESSION 6B: FISHIERIES, SOIL, AND EMERGY METHODS 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the
Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012
3.2 Wine eMergy results
The EME output of the annual production was 9.25E+15 seJ/ha and 9.64E+15 seJ/ha for CW and OW,
respectively (Table 2). However, the UEV (per bottle of wine) of the CW is almost twice the UEV of the
OW (i.e. 4.22E+12 seJ/bottle and 2.75E+12 seJ/bottle, respectively). In Table 2 inventory data (columns 3,
4) and final calculation results are shown, divided for local resources, agricultural phase, processing phase
and human labour.
Table 2. Emergy flows and UEVs for conventional (CW) and organic (OW) wine productions. Square
bracket=references for UEV; Type of input: R= local renewable resources, N= local non-renewable
resources, F=non-local purchased inputs.
3.3 Olive oil LCA results
Table 3 shows the LCIA comparison between the two production systems: likewise for wine, the CO presents
the higher impacts, while regarding single phases, the agricultural phase (phase 1) presents higher impact
values both for OO and CO.
Table 3. LCIA of organic and conventional olive oil productions. Data reported for functional unit (1 kg
bottled olive oil).
3.4 Olive oil eMergy results
EME output is 2.50E+16 sej/ha/yr and 9.35E+15 sej/ha/yr as total eMergy flows and 5.18E+13 seJ/bottle
and 3.74E+13 seJ/bottle as UEVs for CO and OO, respectively. In Table 4 inventory data (columns 3, 4) and
final calculation results are shown, divided by local resources, agricultural phase, processing phase and human
labour.
536
Emergy Fluxes (sej/ha/yr)
Input Units Quantity/yr (CW) Quantity/yr (OW) Ref. UEV TYPE OF INPUT CONVENTIONAL WINE (CW) ORGANIC WINE (OW)
LOCAL RESOURCES
sunlight J 8,49E+11 8,49E+11 [1] R 8,49E+11 8,49E+11
rain g 1,67E+08 1,67E+08 [2] R 1,40E+13 1,40E+13
geothermal heat J 7,16E+08 7,16E+08 [2] R 4,98E+12 4,98E+12
loss of topsoil J 1,03E+08 1,03E+08 [3] N 7,45E+12 7,45E+12
PHASE 1
fertilizer g 1.21E+05 [3] F 1,98E+15
diesel J 9,92E+09 1,75E+10 [5] F 6,53E+14 1,15E+15
machinery g 7,74E+03 1,68E+04 [7] F 5,08E+13 1,03E+14
wood g 6,02E+05 3,73E+05 [7] 50%R; 50%F 2,06E+10 1,28E+10
pesticides g 1,04E+04 5,74E+04 [3] F 1,51E+14 8,32E+14
concrete g 3,57E+04 [12] F 6,35E+13
PHASE 2
water g 3,26E+05 9,72E+07 [8] F 5,70E+11 1,70E+14
electricity J 8,67E+07 2,67E+08 [4] F 1,03E+13 3,17E+13
chemicals g 5,71E+02 3,50E+01 [3] F 8,28E+12 1,30E+13
machinery g 3,07E+04 3,89E+04 [7] F 2,01E+14 2,30E+14
PHASE 3
glass g 1,78E+06 1,87E+06 [10] F 5,49E+15 5,79E+15
cork g 3,02E+04 4,83E+04 [10] F 4,49E+13 7,19E+13
paper g 8,58E+03 1,37E+04 [11] F 4,25E+13 6,78E+13
glue g 8,92E+02 1,43E+03 [10] F 8,83E+12 1,42E+13
aluminium g 4,49E+03 7,19E+03 [10] F 2,65E+13 4,25E+13
machinery g 2,10E+03 6,13E+03 [7] F 1,38E+13 3,62E+13
electricity J 1,89E+08 [4] F 2,25E+13
diesel J 1,01E+09 [5] F 6,65E+13
HUMAN LABOUR h 1,73E+02 3,16E+02 [6] 10%R; 90%F 5,10E+14 9,33E+14
TOTAL 9,25E+15 9,64E+15
WINE (sej/g) g 2,19E+06 3,50E+06 4,22E+09 2,75E+09
WINE (sej/BOTTLE OF WINE) 4,22E+12 2,75E+12
Impact category unit conventional oil (CO)organic oil (OO)
AP kg SO2 eq. 2,10E-01 6,00E-02
EP kg PO4 eq. 7,00E-01 1,00E-02
GWP100 kg CO2 eq. 2,64E+01 9,64E+00
POP kg C2H4 eq. 1,20E-02 2,00E-03
Literature references for UEV
[1] Odum H.T., 1996.
[2] Odum H.T.,et al. 2000.
[3] Brandt-Williams S. L., 2002.
[4] Tiezzi E. et al., 2001.
[5] Bastianoni S. et al., 2009
[6] Pulselli, R.M., et al., 2008.
[7] Brown M.T., Bardi E., 2001.
[8] Pulselli F. M.,et al., 2011.
[9] Campbell D.E. et al. 2002.
[10] Buranakarn, V. 1998.
[11] Tilley, D.R., 1999.
[12] Pulselli, R.M., et al., 2007.