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PARALLEL SESSION 3C: SHEEP AND DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 The methodological choices influence the results. Allocation procedure is a crucial factor: ideally, it has to be common between countries but the choice should be meaningful in every context. That was not the case for economic allocation, usually used in New Zealand, because in France there was no real market for wool. Another factor is the method of modelling of the systems and the environmental fluxes. In France, a lot has been done concerning data collection at farm level to assess, among others the animal intake and excretion, while the models concerning the emissions were quite simple (emission factors). In contrast, in New Zealand, the pasture intake was modelled due to inaccuracy in estimating it in hill country conditions. It is recommended that sufficiently detailed models are used that have been tested and validated for pasture types and farm systems and adapted for the country of interest. In that way the models will reflect the main determining factors and be used to identify options for increasing feed conversion efficiency and reducing the carbon footprint. To make the results comparable between countries, there is a need to build a common methodology about the carbon footprint of lamb. This requires a common framework with respect to some methodological rules but with the possibility for countries to take into account their specificities and to use their own validated models or parameters. 5. Conclusions Our study provides data on the carbon footprint of lamb for two countries with specific production systems. Methodological issues were very important because of their influence on the results. Currently, because of the potential economical stakes linked to this topic and the need to build an international common framework to allow comparison of results, a range of international groups are working on a standard for carbon footprinting of lamb, through the initiative of the Beef + Lamb New Zealand organisation. This should be available in 2013. This group has also already identified requirements for future work, in the areas of soil carbon sequestration and development of a biophysical allocation approach for meat vs wool. In the future, it will be important to obtain results over several years to analyse the annual variability of the results. Indeed, it is known that the practices could vary a lot from year to year, due to climatic or economic conditions, such as drought, high costs of some inputs, diseases and market opportunities. Learnings from studies such as this one, involving research teams from several countries, enables identification of key factors for carbon footprint and life cycle assessment methodology, to ensure objective comparability of the ecological performance of systems. 6. Acknowledgements The authors want to thank the farmers of the French Breeding Network and Beef+LambNZ for farm data, Interbev (the French Meat sector board), Institut de l’Elevage and AgResearch for its funding. 7. References Arrouays, D., Balesdent, J., Germon, J.C., Jayet, P.A., Soussana, J.F., Stengel, P., 2002. Contribution à la lutte contre l'effet de serre. Stocker du carbone dans les sols agricoles de France? Expertise scientifique collective. INRA report. 332 pp. Benoit, M., Laigner G., Roulenc, M., 2010. Emissions de gaz à effet de serre et consommations d’énergie en élevage ovin viande. Renc. Rech. Ruminants 17, 351-354. Clark, H., Kelliher, F.M., Waghorn, G.C., Johnstone, P., Rys, G., 2007. An updated New Zealand enteric methane inventory calculated using algorithms developed from an analysis of New Zealand experiments conducted between 1997 and 2005. Greenhouse gas and Animal Agriculture Conference Book. Christchurch, New Zealand. p. 163. Dollé J.B., Manneville V., Gac A., Charpiot A., 2011. Emissions de gaz à effet de serre et consommations d'énergie des viandes bovines et ovines françaises: revue bibliographique et évaluations sur l’amont agricole. Institut de l’Elevage, France. Eblex, 2009. Change in the air. The English beef and sheep production roadmap-Phase 1. AHDB. 50 p. FAO. Faostat.fao.org Gac, A., Cariolle, M., Deltour, L., Dollé, J.B., Espagnol, S., Flénet, F., Guingand, N., Lagadec, S., Le Gall, A., Lellahi, A., Malaval, C., Ponchant, P., Tailleur, A., 2010. GES'TIM — Guide méthodologique pour l'estimation des impacts des activités agricoles sur l'effet de serre. Réalisé dans le cadre du projet «Gaz à Effet de Serre et Stockage de Carbone en exploitations agricoles» (CAS- DAR 6147). Hamershlag, K., 2011. Meat eater's guide to climate change and health. Environmental Working Group, USA. IPCC, 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (Eds). Published: IGES, Japan. IPCC, 2007. IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) — Climate Change 2007. In: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., Miller, H.L. (Eds.), Working Group I Report “The Physical Science Basis". Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, NY, USA. Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R., 2010. A greenhouse gas footprint study for exported New Zealand lamb. Report for Meat Industry Association, Ballance Agri-nutrients, Landcorp and MAF. AgResearch, Hamilton. 26p. 313
PARALLEL SESSION 3C: SHEEP AND DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 Ledgard, S.F., Boyes, M. and Brentrup, F., 2011. Life cycle assessment of local and imported fertilisers used on New Zealand farms. In: Currie, L.D., Christensen, C.L. (Eds), “Adding to the knowledge base for the nutrient manager”. http://flrc.massey.ac.nz/publications.html. Occasional Report No. 24, Fertilizer and Lime Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 13p. Leip, A., Weiss, F., Wassenaar, T., Perez, I., Fellmann, T., Loudjani, P., Tubiello, F., Grandgirard, D., Monni, S., Biala, K., 2010. Evaluation of the livestock sector's contribution to the EU greenhouse gas emissions (GGELS), final report. Europ. Comm. Joint Res. Centre, 32p. Lorinquer, E., 2011. L’analyse environnementale de la viande ovine française et néo-zélandaise: Enjeux-Résultats. Doit-on aller vers une harmonisation des méthodes ? Mémoire de fin d’études. ENSAIA. 39 p. Van der Werf, H.M.G., Gaillard, G., Biard, Y., Koch, P., Basset-Mens, C., Gac, A., Lellahi, A., Deltour, L., 2010. Creation of a public LCA database of French agricultural raw products: agriBALYSE. Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment in the Agri-Food Sector. Bari, Italy, September 22-24, 2010. Vermorel, M., Jouany, J.P., Eugène, M., Sauvant, D., Noblet, J., Dourmad, J.Y., 2008. Evaluation quantitative des émissions de méthane entérique par les animaux d'élevage en 2007 en France. INRA Prod. Anim. 21, 403–418. Wheeler, D.M., Ledgard, S.F., de Klein, C.A.M., 2007. Using the OVERSEER nutrient budget model to estimate on-farm greenhouse gas emissions. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, 99-103. Williams, A.G., Audsley, E., Sandars, D.L., 2006. Determining the environmental burdens and resource use in the production of agricultural and horticultural commodities. Main Report Defra Research Project ISO205, Bedford: Cranfield University and Defra. 314
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Welcome ii Soyez les bienvenus à L
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General Information 8 th Internatio
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Table of Contents for Sessions TUES
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ORAL SESSIONS 8 th International Co
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