LCA Food 2012 in Saint Malo, France! - Manifestations et colloques ...

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GROUP 4, SESSION B: CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 Table 1. Crop rotations analysed in the regions Beauce, Burgundy and Moselle. S1 and S2 are the standard rotations without pea, P1 to P3 are the rotations with pea. Figure 1. Global warming potential of crop rotations analysed in Beauce, Burgundy and Moselle in kg CO2equivalents per ha*a -1 (indicated by the columns) and per € gross margin II (diamond symbols). Beauce_CON = conventional production in Beauce, Beauce_INT = integrated production with reduced nitrogen fertilisation. 834 per ha * a -1 Beauce Int/Con Burgundy/Moselle 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 S1 S2 Rotation P1 P2 P3 1 Oilseed rape 2 Winter wheat 3 Malting barley Winter wheat Winter pea Malting barley 4 Oilseed rape Malting barley Oilseed rape Winter wheat Winter pea 5 Winter wheat Winter wheat Malting barley Oilseed rape 6 Malting barley Malting barley Winter wheat 7 Malting barley 1 Oilseed rape 2 Winter wheat 3 Malting barley Winter wheat Spring pea Malting barley 500 4 Oilseed rape Ma./Fe barley Oilseed rape Winter wheat Spring pea 5 Winter wheat Winter wheat Ma./Fe barley Oilseed rape 6 Ma./Fe barley Winter wheat 7 Ma./Fe barley 0 € GM II kg N ma. = malting in Beauce and Bourgogne ; fe. = feed en Moselle Global warming potential100a (IPCC 2007) [kg-eq. CO 2] S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 496 475 499 489 495 444 431 451 443 449 286 281 266 271 266 245 233 272 266 271 160 172 138 134 134 137 152 118 115 114 163 171 134 132 132 160 168 132 131 129 Beauce_Con Beauce_INT Bourgogne Moselle soil tillage P/K fertiliser N fertiliser field emissions grain drying irrigation seed pesticides per € gross margin II 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 per € gross margin II * a -1
GROUP 4, SESSION B: CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 8 th Int. Conference on LCA in the Agri-Food Sector, 1-4 Oct 2012 120. Life cycle assessment of various fertilisation systems in open field vegetable production, Flanders, Belgium Reindert F. Heuts * , Jelle Van Loon, Eddie Schrevens Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Research group DQM, Div. M3-BIORES, Dep. of Biosystems, Celesti- jnenlaan 200E b2411, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, Corresponding author. E-mail: Reindert.Heuts@biw.kuleuven.be In Flanders, many farmers and horticultural growers wonder how they can lower the residual nitrate on their parcels to satisfy the fertiliser regulations set up by European legislation. Currently this threshold is set at a residual soil nitrate value of 90 kg/ha; for many farmers a limit hard to comply. In open field vegetable production like leek and cauliflower an overuse of fertiliser is very common. In this sector, less then 40% of the cultivated parcels were found under the imposed limit (Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (VMM) 2006). One of the reasons of this excess on fertiliser application is the need of farmers to procure a good yield with a high quality to be competitive on the domestic market. Lowering the nitrogen application rate however, with current recommended fertiliser schemes (i.e. KNS-system (Lorenz et al. 1985)), does not yet give sufficient guaranties to uphold these demanding standards. In 2010 an experiment has been set up to monitor and evaluate the influence of different fertiliser application rates and strategies on the growth, yield and quality of a cauliflower crop, and with a special emphasis on the amount of nitrate leaching to soil and surface water. The experiment consists of 8 plots, treated with two different fertiliser doses and two application strategies, to create a two by two completely randomised factorial design, replicated in two blocks. Each plot was fitted with an impermeable foil to capture and sample the drainage. Destructive and non-destructive plant samples were taken to follow up growth evolution of the plant and at harvest measurements were done to evaluate the overall product quality. The experiment was chosen in such a way that a comparison could be made between common cultivation practices and ‘improved’ management schemes developed with the intention of lowering the nitrate leaching. For the common practices a broadcast fertilisation with calcium ammonium nitrate is assumed and, based on the recommendation of the KNS-system, a split fertilisation of 150 kg N/ha at planting and 240 kg N/ha 7 weeks later is applied (i.e. the high dose), the mineral N present in the soil profile included. In attempt to achieve lower nitrate leaching, the improved strategies consist of: a) the same broadcast split fertiliser application but with a low dose of 50 kg N/ha at planting and 100 kg N/ha 7 weeks into the growing season, b) a weekly fertigation of ammonium nitrate with the high dose, and c) the same fertigation scheme with the low dose. As expected, differences in yield have been found among the various tested fertilisation systems (i.e. broadcast high yielded 70,99 ton/ha, broadcast low 55.26 ton/ha, fertigation high 67.28 ton/ha and fertigation low 53.44 ton/ha). When aiming only at high productivity, one would not distinguish between the broadcast and fertigation application of fertiliser, but with current pressure on the environment more objectives come into consideration. For this reason a life cycle assessment (LCA) has been carried out (Guinee et al. 2002). Comparing each fertilisation system the LCA focuses on the differences in input loads and their corresponding environmental impacts in terms of resource depletion, global warming, toxicity, acidification and eutrophication with special attention to nitrate leaching. This way policy makers and farmers can consider to what extent the quantity or quality is influenced by a reduction in fertilisers and/or different treatment inputs regarding their impact on the environment. In this way, the LCA supports decision making regarding optimisation of the fertilisation system and adaptation to severe constraints about energy demand and emissions to air, water and soil. In contrast with expectations, no large differences in impact have been found and even more surprising, the fertigation treatments did not score all too well. The nature of environmental impact with respect to the used fertilisation system, however, did change. This suggest that, even though a progressive split fertiliser application and fertigation are perceived as environmental conserving techniques, the problem is more complex and the larger context in which the farming activity takes place has to be considered in first instance before being able to make proper unambiguous fertiliser management recommendations. References Guinee, J. B., Gorrée, M., Heijungs, R., Huppes, G., Kleijn, R., de Koning, A., van Oers, L., Wegener Sleeswijk, A., Suh, S., Udo de Haes, H. A., de Bruijn, H., van Duin, R., Huijbregts, M. A. J., 2002. 835
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Welcome ii Soyez les bienvenus à L
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General Information 8 th Internatio
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Table of Contents for Sessions TUES
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KEYNOTE SESSION 8 th Int. Conferenc
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