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Avances en el estudio de la Inteligencia Emocional

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¿Importa <strong>la</strong> int<strong>el</strong>ig<strong>en</strong>cia emocional <strong>de</strong> los lí<strong>de</strong>res <strong>en</strong> <strong>el</strong> contagio emocional grupal?<br />

cado por <strong>el</strong> estado emocional d<strong>el</strong> lí<strong>de</strong>r. De ahí que<br />

<strong>la</strong> principal hipótesis que p<strong>la</strong>nteamos no pudo ser<br />

verificada.<br />

Parece ser que <strong>el</strong> <strong>estudio</strong> d<strong>el</strong> f<strong>en</strong>óm<strong>en</strong>o d<strong>el</strong><br />

contagio emocional merece una revisión sobre <strong>la</strong>s<br />

circunstancias particu<strong>la</strong>res que lo favorec<strong>en</strong>, pues<br />

<strong>en</strong> contraste a nuestro <strong>estudio</strong>, <strong>el</strong> <strong>estudio</strong> <strong>de</strong> Sy (Sy<br />

et al., 2005) incluía grupos que previam<strong>en</strong>te al experim<strong>en</strong>to<br />

habían pasado juntos un promedio <strong>de</strong><br />

2.5 meses.<br />

La prueba <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> influ<strong>en</strong>cia afectiva d<strong>el</strong> lí<strong>de</strong>r <strong>en</strong><br />

un <strong>estudio</strong> y <strong>la</strong> falta <strong>de</strong> comprobación <strong>de</strong> dicho<br />

efecto <strong>en</strong> otro, daría peso al argum<strong>en</strong>to <strong>de</strong> que <strong>la</strong>s<br />

personas podrían ser más susceptibles <strong>de</strong> ser influ<strong>en</strong>ciadas<br />

por los estados <strong>de</strong> ánimo <strong>de</strong> personas conocidas<br />

que por extraños. Esto es lo que sugier<strong>en</strong> algunas<br />

investigaciones <strong>de</strong> campo que muestran <strong>la</strong><br />

vincu<strong>la</strong>ción y converg<strong>en</strong>cia emocional <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s personas<br />

<strong>en</strong> grupos <strong>de</strong> trabajo a lo <strong>la</strong>rgo <strong>de</strong> un periodo<br />

<strong>de</strong> tiempo (An<strong>de</strong>rson, K<strong>el</strong>tner, y John, 2003; Torted<strong>el</strong>l,<br />

K<strong>el</strong>lett, Teuchmann, y Briner,1998). También<br />

cabe <strong>la</strong> posibilidad <strong>de</strong> que si a niv<strong>el</strong> grupal <strong>el</strong><br />

contexto afectivo facilita <strong>la</strong> expresión emocional, <strong>en</strong>tonces<br />

se favorecería <strong>la</strong> habilidad d<strong>el</strong> lí<strong>de</strong>r para manejar<br />

<strong>la</strong>s emociones d<strong>el</strong> grupo (Pescosolido, 2002).<br />

The neglect of organizational behavior. Journal<br />

of Organizational Behavior, 21, 801-805.<br />

Pescosolido, A. T. (2002). Emerg<strong>en</strong>t lea<strong>de</strong>rs as managers<br />

of group emotion. The Lea<strong>de</strong>rship<br />

Quarterly, 13, 583-599.<br />

Sinc<strong>la</strong>ir, R. C., Mark, M. M., Enzle, M. E.,<br />

Borkovec, T. D., y Cumbleton, A.G. (1994).<br />

Toward a multiple-method view of mood<br />

induction: The appropriat<strong>en</strong>ess of a modified<br />

V<strong>el</strong>t<strong>en</strong> mood induction technique and the<br />

problems of procedures with group assignm<strong>en</strong>t<br />

to conditions. Basic and Applied Social<br />

Psychology, 15, 389-408.<br />

Sy, T., Côte, S., & Saavedra, R. (2005).The contagious<br />

lea<strong>de</strong>r: Impact of the lea<strong>de</strong>r´s mood on<br />

the mood of group members, group affective<br />

tone, and group processes. Journal of Applied<br />

Psychology, 90, 295-305.<br />

Totterd<strong>el</strong>, P., K<strong>el</strong>lett, S., Teuchmann, K., y Briner,<br />

R. B. (1998). Evid<strong>en</strong>ce of mood linkage in<br />

work groups. Journal of Personality and Social<br />

Psychology, 74, 1504-1515.<br />

Refer<strong>en</strong>cias<br />

An<strong>de</strong>rson, C., K<strong>el</strong>tner, D., y John, O. P. (2003).<br />

Emotional converg<strong>en</strong>ce betwe<strong>en</strong> people over<br />

time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,<br />

84, 1054-1068.<br />

Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational<br />

behavior: Affect in the workp<strong>la</strong>ce. Annual<br />

Review Psychology, 53, 279-307.<br />

Hatfi<strong>el</strong>d, E., Cacioppo, J., y Rapson, R. L. (1994).<br />

Emotional contagion. New York: Cambridge<br />

University Press.<br />

K<strong>el</strong>ly, J. R., & Barsa<strong>de</strong>, S. G. (2001). Moods and<br />

emotions in small groups and work groups.<br />

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision<br />

Processes, 86, 99-130.<br />

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional<br />

int<strong>el</strong>lig<strong>en</strong>ce: Implications for educators.<br />

En P. Salovey y D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional<br />

<strong>de</strong>v<strong>el</strong>opm<strong>en</strong>t, emotional literacy, and<br />

emotional int<strong>el</strong>lig<strong>en</strong>ce: Educational implications<br />

(pp.3-31). Nueva York: Basic Books.<br />

Muchinsky, P. M. (2000). Emotions in the workp<strong>la</strong>ce:<br />

384

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