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Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide
Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs
Based on this Plan, a detailed Integrated National Operational Programme for Avian and Human Influenza
2006-2010 (OPI) (A270), also known as Green Book, was prepared by a Government Taskforce
established by the Steering Committee with support from the UN Country Team, the World Bank and
other donors participating in a Joint Assessment Mission from 18-28 April 2006 and finally endorsed by
the international community. The plan is focused on the national preparedness, the improvement of the
policy framework, public awareness and information activities as well as strengthening the disease control
in the agricultural sector and the surveillance in both human and animal sectors. It constitutes the basis for
the national VS to develop their own strategy to control HPAI. The total cost of the OPI was estimated at
US$ 250 million, including US$31.2 million for the enhanced coordination activities (12% of the total),
US$116.4 million for HPAI control and eradication activities in the agricultural sector (47%) and
US$102.4 million for influenza prevention and pandemic preparedness in the human population (41%) 116 .
The priorities proposed in the OPI have been discussed in a number of fora, while a number of
international organisations (including the WB, the FAO, and the WHO) have been involved in a joint
assessment mission during the plan’s preparation, which assessed the country needs and financial
requirements for the implementation of the Plan over the 2006-10 period.
In the animal health sector (HPAI Control and Eradication Strategy), the OPI’s key components include
the strengthening of VS, a control and eradication strategy, support to surveillance and epidemiological
investigation, and support for poultry sector restructuring. The strategy foresees a stepwise approach in
three phases:
(a) control phase (short term), in which the incidence of outbreaks is reduced by stamping out of
outbreaks, mass vaccination and the start of improvements in bio-security (poultry production and
changes to marketing practices). This phase is expected to continue in 2007, with some reduction of
the national mass vaccination program occurring in 2006;
(b) consolidation phase (medium term), in which gains are maintained, further restructuring of the
industry is undertaken, farms in the industrial sector demonstrate freedom from HPAI, and disease
free compartments are expanded. This phase is to continue to the end of the OPI planning horizon,
from 2008 to 2010; and
(c) eradication phase (long term) which will start in 2010 and will continue beyond the OPI period.
The bulk of the costs (Table 12) are foreseen for the control of the disease (65.9%) and, in accordance
with the strategy, nearly half of the costs of this component are expected to be incurred in the short term
(2006-07). The most significant expenditure of disease control is on targeted vaccination (US$ 25.6
million or 46.6%), followed by compensation to livestock owners and disease investigation (appr. US$
12.5 million each or 22.6%). The strengthening of the VS comes second in the Plan (18.9%) and is
expected to be undertaken in year 2 (2007); in addition, the bulk of the (epidemio) surveillance investment
is envisaged for 2007. Most of the VS component is devoted to the development of laboratory capacity
and equipment (US$ 12.2 or 92% of the total component).
116 All costs including contingencies. A more detailed budget is provided in Table 1, Annex 2 of the Plan (A109)
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