2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide
Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs
In all these activities there are roles for both the public and private sectors.
At the regional level, important cross-country activities provide support to countries facing similar sets of
challenges. Regional activities should not duplicate country-level activities. They could include: support
for reference laboratories (when these are set up to serve a region rather than an individual country);
coordination of activities undertaken across countries on implementation policies, surveillance methods,
and control measures, given the transboundary nature of the disease; assistance to capacity building, in
response to demands made to regional organisations by countries; direct support for regional bodies
(including animal health organisations, regional organisations, and technical organisations 28 ), building on
existing infrastructure and mechanisms such as the Global Framework for the Control of Transboundary
Diseases (GFTADs, developed by OIE/FAO) and the Global Early Warnings System (GLEWS, sponsored
by OIE/FAO/WHO); support to communication activities (e.g. meetings, workshops and data exchange
provided by regional/international organisations; research on regional issues.
At a global level, various support activities can complement those at the country and regional levels,
including support to the following: standard setting and global strategy development (OIE and FAO);
support to laboratory networks development of materials and new technologies (e.g. vaccines and antiviral
treatments); coordination of the response to avoid duplication and waste; and communication.
3.4.3. FMD prevention and control strategy
The OIE has been particularly active in promoting effective FMD control and surveillance strategies in its
Member Countries, especially those where the disease is endemic.
Due to its highly contagious nature and economic importance for many countries, FMD was the first
disease for which the OIE established an official list of free countries and zones and prepared guidelines
on harmonised methods of FMD surveillance to assist Member Countries in their eradication or control
programmes.
The OIE has established categories of freedom from FMD that can be allocated to an exporting Member
Country, which have different implications for trade (Table 1). These categories are: FMD free country or
zone where vaccination is not practised; FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised; and,
infected country or zone (OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2006). The Terrestrial Code provides also
Guidelines for the surveillance of FMD. According to these guidelines, an FMD surveillance Programme
should include:
• An early warning system and processing chain for reporting suspicious cases. Farmers and workers
who have contact with livestock should be trained and report promptly any suspicion of FMD.
Samples should be submitted to an approved laboratory. Sampling kits and other equipment should be
available and personnel responsible for surveillance should be able to call for assistance from a team
with expertise in FMD diagnosis and control.
28 E.g., Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Association of South East Asian Nations, FAO, OIE, and WHO regional
representations.
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