2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs training to the detection, diagnosis and control of the disease would be required (A286). More than 600 Nigerian animal health officials have been trained under a scheme funded by the European Union and the FAO to undertake a nationwide surveillance to track bird flu. These experts would be deployed in January 2007 across the country, to provide the much needed local resource for testing any suspected cases 128 . Despite these shortcomings, an inter-Agency mission (FAO/OIE/AU-IBAR) conducted in October 2006 concluded that the first phase of HPAI control in Nigeria has been reasonably successful and that the elimination of the infection could possibly be contemplated within the short to medium term depending on the control measures to be taken (A169). Recommendations for further action include: a) enhancing surveillance (inter alia through: support to the National Veterinary Research Institute – NVRI; enhancing active surveillance in smallholder village poultry, and the active engagement of private veterinarians); and b) enhancing control measures (inter alia through improved conditions for timely and adequate compensation; reviewing vaccination policy, particularly on targeted and/or ring vaccination; improving and consolidating the national emergency preparedness plan; and developing a clearly defined national strategic plan for the progressive control and elimination of HPAI). In March 2006, the Federal government of Nigeria and the World Bank signed a US$ 50,000,000 special credit agreement, in the context of the GPAI/APL programme, for a project targeting both AI control and human pandemic preparedness (A203). The animal health component of this plan was based on a review of the key institutions and their readiness to perform the required/intended tasks. It deals with four main themes, namely surveillance, early detection and rapid containment, control at source in birds, and risk communication. As such, the project deals with many of the above issues and recommendations identified by the inter-Agency mission and the Nigerian authorities. Further budgetary details of this project are given in Table 17. An independent OIE mission to assess the state of Nigeria’s VS on the basis of the PVS tool has just taken place 129 . 5.3.2. Cost of prevention and control systems The total estimated budget under the Nigerian preparedness plan (A286) was N (Nigerian Naria) 880 million (or US$ 6.9 million). Of this, N 400 million (44%) was envisaged for strengthening diagnostic laboratories, N 200 million (22%) for stamping out including compensation, N 100 million (11%) for strengthening the veterinary quarantine infrastructure, N 100 million (11%) for research (including on vaccine development), and N 80 million (9%) for targeting the disease and sero-surveillance (Table 16). An additional US$400,000 was foreseen for vaccine procurement (for 20,000 doses/annum). Despite the detailed technical components of this plan it is understood that, at the time of the February 2006 outbreak, funding had not yet been mobilised for the plan’s prompt execution. 128 More information on this service can be found at the OIE database. 129 20 August to 5 September 2007 Civic Consulting • Agra CEAS Consulting 122
Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs Table 16 Nigeria: Budget for HPAI emergency preparedness and response (2006-07) Activity N million US$ million, (a) Strengthening the diagnostic laboratory 400 3.12 Stamping out and compensation 200 1.56 Strengthening the veterinary quarantine infrastructure 100 0.78 Research 100 0.78 Targeting the disease and sero-surveillance 80 0.62 TOTAL 880 6.87 (a) 1 Nigerian Naira = US$0.0078 (current exchange rate) Source: National strategies for prevention of introduction, disease surveillance networking and contingency plan for a disease emergency (A 286) The largest component of this plan was the strengthening of laboratory diagnostic capabilities. This envisaged upgrading the diagnostic capacity of the six designated laboratories for carrying out HPAI diagnosis in Nigeria (NVRI, VTHs at Zaria, Ibadan, Maiduguri, Nsukka and Sokoto. Each of these laboratories was expected to have the capacity to carry out screening direct antigen detection tests, immunoflourescence test and serological tests for antibody detection, while the NVRI would carry out virus isolation and identification. Regional laboratory networking was also foreseen. The plan also envisaged exploring (with the FAO, WHO, IAEA and OIE) the prospects for a Technical Cooperation Project (TCP) to enhance Nigeria’s HPAI diagnostic capacity 130 . The importance of focussing the effort on the NVRI services so as to enable it to provide the full range of diagnostic services was also confirmed by the interagency mission of October 2006 (A169). It should be noted that, to improve diagnostic capacity for the Africa region as a whole, the possibility of establishing a regional AI reference laboratory within one of the West African countries has been suggested by stakeholders as one option to explore 131 (A293). The WB APL credit facility of March 2006 (A203) has a total budget of US$ 58.4 million (excluding contingencies), of which US$ 29.2 million for animal health, US$ 18.3 million for human health, US$ 4.1 130 A TCP project for an Active Avian Influenza Surveillance study in Nigeria is currently under way (2006/07) with a total budget of US$653,000. Nigeria also benefits from other regional/global TCP projects including the emergency assistance for the control and prevention of avian influenza in sub-Saharan Africa 2006/07 (global budget: US$3.4 million), and the global emergency assistance for the control and prevention of avian influenza (US$ 3.5 plus US$ 5.9 million for 2005-07). 131 Workshop on AI organised by WANSCA, Ghana, September 2006 (A291). WANSCA: West African Network for the promotion of Short Cycle Animals in rural areas. Civic Consulting • Agra CEAS Consulting 123
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