2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide
Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs
Only two countries of the region at the start of the campaign, namely Myanmar and Thailand, had a
capacity to produce vaccines. Due to the high budgets required for the purchase and application of
massive vaccination, vaccination has only been used to protect high-risk enterprises, to undertake strategic
vaccination and to control outbreaks at a local level (ring vaccination). (Regional Coordination, OIE
SEAFMD programme).
This campaign was successful in the Philippines where two thirds of the country have achieved the FMD
free zone status and in Indonesia which is free of FMD. In 2003, a new step in the SEAFMD strategic plan
started through the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar (MTM) Peninsular Campaign for FMD Freedom. The
MTM Campaign involves Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar, and aims to establish a FMD free zone on
the MTM peninsular according to the OIE standards.
In 2003, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) presented a regional programme aiming to achieve an
FMD-free zone in the Greater Mekong region over a 6-year timeframe, with a proposed budget of US$ 5
million over the 2003-07 period.
c) Pan American campaign for the control and eradication of FMD (PANAFTOSA)
To fight against FMD in the Americas, the Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease Centre
(PANAFTOSA) was created in 1951 in Rio de Janeiro as a special program within the Organisation of
American States (OAS), and later transferred as a specialised centre of the PAHO (WHO). The centre was
created to improve the control and eradication of FMD through research on new vaccines and diagnostic
procedures, and trained government and private sector workers throughout the Americas to set up
strategies for the control and eradication of FMD. (A191)
The Centre developed reference techniques for virological and serological diagnosis for FMD as well as
for vaccines and in 1973 developed the Continental System for Information and Surveillance of Vesicular
Diseases, to collect epidemiological information in all countries of South America.
In 1987 PANAFTOSA under the guidance of the Hemispheric Committee for the Eradication of Foot and
Mouth Disease (COHEFA) developed the Hemispheric Program for FMD eradication (PHEFA) as a
regional programme to be foreseen by the single countries.
The objectives of the PHEFA were to eradicate FMD of the America by 2009 through the control and
elimination of the disease in endemic areas and the prevention of reintroduction of the disease in free
areas.
Based on the knowledge of the production forms, the identification and evaluation of the risks of
introduction of FMD in different areas according to a macro regionalisation of South America in endemic
and free areas, the programme set up the guidelines for national programmes for the control and
eradication of FMD. The main principles of the program include: epidemiological surveillance; prevention
system; sanitary control at airports, ports and borders; laboratory diagnosis and vaccine control; vaccine
production; massive and systematic vaccination; control of outbreaks; information systems; border
controls; and community participation (Source PANAFTOSA- PAHO/WHO).
These principles were adopted at national level by each country, and the outbreaks were largely
successfully controlled through massive vaccination or stamping out according to their own national
control and eradication policies for FMD, quarantine measures and control of movement at border areas
and between areas with different FMD health status.
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