2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs Annex 1: Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs): overview of occurrence and prevention/control strategies for major TADs Disease Host Virulence Prevention and Control Occurrence of the disease in World (from 01/01/05 to 10/02/07) Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) Probably all domestic and wild avian species are susceptible to infection. HP viruses cause severe, systemic disease with high mortality in chickens, turkeys, and other gallinaceous birds. Generally: Effective disease surveillance and early reporting of outbreaks Enhance Bio-security at poultry farms Avoidance of contact between poultry and wild birds Border animal movement controls Outbreaks have occurred in the following countries: Other species can be affected but the infection remains generally unapparent (pig, horse, cats). Humans can become infected from contact with the birds, and death has occurred in some cases (HPAI). However, no human to human transmission yet. In the affected outbreak area: Stamping-out of infected and at risk poultry in the infected area Disposal of carcasses and of their products in a bio-secure manner Quarantine (prohibition to move any animal, animal product, material or equipment) Restriction and control of movements of persons and vehicles Cleaning and disinfection buildings, equipment/materials and premises Allow at least 21 days before restocking (sanitary void) Epidemiological investigation Around the affected outbreak area: Stamping out of all poultry (within an area of 3 or 5 km radius), and/or, Vaccination Control of movements of poultry , poultry products and limit the movements of person Sub- Saharan Africa (AFR): Burkina Faso, Cote D'Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe Middle East and North Africa (MNA): Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA): Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom Europe: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden South Asia (SAS): Afghanistan, India East Asia and Pacific (EAP): Cambodia, Hong Kong (P.R. China) Indonesia, Japan, Korea (Rep. of), Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Foot and mouth disease (FMD) Bovidae, swine, sheep, goats, buffalo, and all wild ruminants and suidae. Camelidae In a susceptible population, morbidity approaches 100%. The disease is rarely fatal except in young animals. In the remaining part of the territory: Prohibit poultry markets and other gatherings of birds Strengthen the surveillance of poultry farms Strengthen bio-security in poultry farms Strengthen movements controls inside the country and at the borders Generally: • Effective surveillance and early reporting of outbreaks • Border animal movement controls • Quarantine measures Outbreaks have occurred in the following countries: Sub- Saharan Africa (AFR): Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Cameroon, Congo Civic Consulting • Agra CEAS Consulting 188
Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs Disease Host Virulence Prevention and Control Occurrence of the disease in World (from 01/01/05 to 10/02/07) have low susceptibility. Swine vesicular disease Pigs Humans: laboratory personnel may seroconvert. Morbidity rate in herds may be low but high in groups of pigs (in pens). No mortality In the affected area: • Four strategies are recognised by the OIE in a programme to eradicate FMD infection following an outbreak: 1. slaughter of all clinically affected and in-contact susceptible animals; 2. slaughter of all clinically affected and in-contact susceptible animals and vaccination of at-risk animals, with subsequent slaughter of vaccinated animals; 3. slaughter of all clinically affected and in-contact susceptible animals and vaccination of at-risk animals, without subsequent slaughter of vaccinated animals; 4. vaccination used without slaughter of affected animals or subsequent slaughter of vaccinated animals. • Destruction of cadavers, litter, and susceptible animal products in the infected area • Disinfection of premises and all infected material • Restriction and control of movement of susceptible animals • Zoning • Epidemiological investigation • Efficient surveillance • Quarantine measures • No treatment • No vaccination • Control of movement of pigs and vehicles used for transporting pigs • Prohibition of feeding with ship or aircraft garbage • Thorough cooking of garbage • Strict quarantine • Elimination of infected and contact pigs • Thorough disinfection of premises, transport vehicles, and equipment (Dem. Rep. of the), Cote D'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Niger, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe Middle East and North Africa (MNA): Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA): Turkey Europe: South Asia (SAS): Afghanistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal East Asia and Pacific (EAP): China (People's Rep. of), Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam Latin America and Caribbean (LAC): Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia The disease has been recorded in Hong Kong, Japan and several European countries in the past. During 2005 the disease was clinically demonstrated in Italy Civic Consulting • Agra CEAS Consulting 189
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2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

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