2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide
Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs
Box 2 Key components of FMD contingency plans
Nature of the disease: this includes aetiology, evolution and distribution, epidemiological features,
clinical signs, pathology, immunology and diagnosis.
Risk analysis for FMD: this process includes hazard identification (i.e. identifying the pathogenic
agents which could potentially be introduced in the country), risk assessment (i.e. evaluating the
likelihood and the biological and economic consequences of entry, establishment, or spread of a
pathogenic agent), risk management (i.e. identifying, selecting and implementing measures that can be
applied to reduce the level of risk) and risk communication (the interactive exchange of information
on risk among risk assessors, risk managers and the stakeholders).
Prevention strategies: includes import quarantine legislation in line with the OIE International animal
Health Code, control movement across national borders, ban of swill feeding from international
aircraft or ships, containment of herds to avoid the contact with animals at risk
Early warning contingency plan for FMD: a contingency plan should include training programmes
for veterinarians and animal health staff (including stakeholders and traders), strengthening laboratory
capacity for a rapid and certain diagnosis, establishing contact with Reference Laboratories and
surveillance.
Strategies for control and eradication: This includes a) Constraining access of the virus to
susceptible host animals through import controls and quarantine; good hygiene and sanitary practices
including cleaning, disinfection and safe destruction of potentially contaminated materials; preventing
the feeding of contaminated materials to livestock; b) avoiding contact between infected and
susceptible animals through zoning 30 and quarantine of infected farms or areas and movement
controls; c) reducing the number of infected or potentially infected animals in livestock populations,
through slaughter of infected or potentially infected animals and safe disposal of carcasses; d)
reducing the number of susceptible animals through destocking or vaccination programmes.
Source: FAO Preparation of FMD contingency plans (A1); adapted for risk analysis with the OIE guidelines from the OIE
Terrestrial Animal Health Code.
30 Zoning is the proclamation of geographic areas in which specific disease control actions are to be carried out.
These areas are usually in the form of concentric “circles” around suspected foci of infection, with the most intensive
disease control activities. The infected zone is a zone generally of the size of 10 km radius around the disease foci in
areas with intensive livestock or 50 km radius in areas with extensive livestock in which actions like quarantine,
movement control, slaughter safe disposal of carcasses and decontamination procedures should be taken to limit the
spread of the disease. The surveillance zone is larger than the infected zone and is subject to control measures to
monitor the spread of the disease such as active disease surveillance, movement control and restriction for abattoirs,
sale of animals and animal products. The disease free zone includes the rest of the country, in which strict
quarantine measures should be applied to prevent the entry of the disease for the infected zones and continuing
surveillance (A1).
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