2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide
Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs
factors (veterinary services, cold chain requirements), diagnostic capacity, the objective of the vaccination
campaign (whether emergency, preventive or routine), the strategy (mass, targeted or ring), and
monitoring and financial issues. A world conference on vaccination for avian influenza has taken place in
March 2007 59 . The conference’s recommendations state that “vaccination plans should be an integral part
of a country’s contingency and emergency preparedness plans”, and that “vaccination should be
considered on the basis of a comprehensive analysis including risk assessment of the country situation and
context”, “when relevant as an additional tool to classical methods such as stamping out and increase of
biosecurity, but always in combination with these classical methods”. Furthermore it is recommended
“that importing countries respect the OIE standards to avoid unjustified trade barriers related to
vaccination against avian influenza”.
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Our analysis in this section leads us to the following conclusions:
Relevance of country preparedness to prevention and control costs:
The costs of improved prevention and control for the major TADs will depend inter alia on
the current level of preparedness in the various countries.
Existing data from international surveys (OIE, UNSIC) and other literature suggest that
there are considerable differences in approach and status quo between developing/transition
countries, notably in terms of the overall state of Veterinary Services, preparation of
prevention and control plans for specific diseases (e.g. HPAI), available and well-trained
veterinary staff, epidemio-surveillance networks, border controls, diagnostic capacity, and
vaccination.
In the context of countries’ international obligations within the overall framework for the
prevention and control of major TADs, as defined by the OIE, the varying levels of
preparedness and prevention systems between countries indicate the need to define priorities
and assess gaps on a country by country basis. In the case of vaccination the policy debate on
the appropriateness and conditions for application of this method is currently on-going.
This has implications in terms of the budget required in each country to enable it to arrive to
an optimal surveillance system.
59 Vaccination: a tool for the control of avian influenza. An OIE/FAO/IZSVe scientific conference co-organised and
supported by the EC (http://www.oie.int/verone/index.htm).
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