2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting

Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide
Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs
• Difficulties in implementing stamping out, vaccination, and movement restrictions, due either to
inherent difficulties in the application of these control measure and/or to the inability of the VS to
apply correctly;
• Disincentives for reporting the disease (in particular where compensation for culling has not been
applied or has been applied incorrectly);
• Issues relating to lack of biosecurity.
An overview of the current status quo around the world for key components of an effective prevention
policy (as discussed in section 3.4.3) is presented below.
It is noted that the OIE is currently in the process of assessing the level of preparedness and compliance
with international standards of Veterinary Services in individual OIE Member Countries using the PVS
tool. This work has started relatively recently, and the information that has emerged so far is in draft form
and remains confidential. As more country analyses and information emerge from this process, the
international community will be in a better position to assess the state of key components of prevention
and control systems in countries around the world.
4.2.1.1. Emergency preparedness
A survey of OIE Member Countries around the world carried out in 2004/05 41 indicated that the main
weaknesses in the chain of controls concern the logistical and financial resources of Veterinary Services,
and insufficient involvement of livestock producers and even of field veterinarians. Furthermore, 25% of
the African countries that responded to the survey have no program for control of transboundary animal
diseases despite the high incidence of zoonotic and non-zoonotic epizootic diseases; this percentage is as
high as 50% of the countries that responded from the Middle East 42 (A111e). It is important to note that
only around 10% of these programmes/projects are targeted not at controlling one or more diseases but at
improving overall animal health, by building the capacity of Veterinary Services. Against this, 65% of the
countries perceive their capacity to comply with OIE standards on the quality of VS to be satisfactory on
the whole 43 . Africa in particular suffers from a dire lack of capacities, as do Asia and the Americas to a
lesser extent. An analysis of the survey results by country development level confirms that the developing
countries have low capacities in all areas.
41 Survey based on a standard questionnaire sent to all OIE member countries in 2004 and 2005. The organisation
and functioning of national Veterinary Services were analysed based on the responses from 85 of these countries.
42 Percentages quoted are based on responses from the surveyed countries. In total 86 of the Member Countries of the
OIE replied to the questionnaire (a 51% response rate), of which from Africa 20, Asia 21, the Americas 13, Europe
28 and Oceania 4. The low response rate of the Middle East may explain here why they appear to be worse-off than
Africa.
43 This question of the survey covered the following capacities of VS: staffing levels; training level; regulatory
framework; budgetary resources; laboratory facilities; epidemiological surveillance; early detection/rapid response;
risk analysis; information management; communication; collaboration between VS and public health services;
participation in setting international standards; involvement of farmer organisations.; involvement of trade
organisations; and the role of consumers.
Civic Consulting • Agra CEAS Consulting 42