2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting
2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting
2294 part 1 final report.pdf - Agra CEAS Consulting
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Prevention and control of animal diseases worldwide<br />
Part I: Economic analysis: prevention versus outbreak costs<br />
Disease Host Virulence Prevention and Control Occurrence of the disease in World (from<br />
01/01/05 to 10/02/07)<br />
Vesicular<br />
stomatitis<br />
Human (minor<br />
zoonosis).<br />
•<br />
•<br />
No treatment<br />
No vaccine<br />
The disease is limited to the Americas.<br />
Peste de<br />
petits<br />
Ruminants<br />
Contagious<br />
Bovine<br />
Pleuropneu<br />
monia<br />
(CBPP)<br />
Lumpy skin<br />
disease<br />
Domestic hosts:<br />
equidae, bovidae,<br />
suidae.<br />
Wild hosts: whitetailed<br />
deer and<br />
numerous species of<br />
small mammals in<br />
the tropics.<br />
Goats and sheep<br />
Cattle and pigs<br />
develop inapparent<br />
infections.<br />
Cattle, zebu and<br />
buffalo. Wild bovids<br />
and camels are<br />
resistant.<br />
Cattle<br />
Oryx, giraffe and<br />
impala are<br />
susceptible to<br />
experimental<br />
infection.<br />
LSD virus replies in<br />
Morbidity rate variable,<br />
up to 90% in a herd.<br />
Low mortality rate<br />
Morbidity (90%) and<br />
mortality (50-80%) rates<br />
are higher in young<br />
animals than in adults.<br />
Mortality rates can reach<br />
50% in early stages.<br />
During an outbreak only<br />
33% of animals present<br />
symptoms (hyperacute<br />
or acute forms), 46% are<br />
infected but have no<br />
symptoms (sub-clinical<br />
forms) and 21% seem to<br />
be resistant.<br />
Morbidity rate 5-85%<br />
Mortality rate very<br />
variable (usually low).<br />
• Restriction and control of animal movement from the<br />
affected premises<br />
• Disinfection of trucks and fomites<br />
• Surveillance<br />
• No specific treatment<br />
• Movement control and quarantine<br />
• Rinderpest vaccine is commonly used. Recently, a<br />
homologous PPR vaccine has been developed<br />
• Slaughter of infected animals<br />
• Destruction of carcasses<br />
• Disinfection<br />
• No efficient treatment<br />
In disease-free areas:<br />
• Quarantine,<br />
• Surveillance (blood testing)<br />
• Slaughtering of all animals of the herd in which positive<br />
animals have been found<br />
• Control of cattle movements<br />
In infected areas:<br />
• Vaccination<br />
• No specific treatment<br />
• Vaccination<br />
Free countries:<br />
• Survey of importation of livestock, carcases, hides, skins<br />
and semen<br />
Infected countries:<br />
• Quarantine to avoid introduction of infected animals in to<br />
PPR occurs in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula,<br />
the Middle East and Turkey<br />
CBPP is widespread in Africa. The disease<br />
was suspected (not confirmed) in 2005 in<br />
Mongolia<br />
The disease is present in Africa and reoccurs<br />
in Israel. It has also been recorded in<br />
Vietnam<br />
Civic <strong>Consulting</strong> • <strong>Agra</strong> <strong>CEAS</strong> <strong>Consulting</strong> 190