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Education Sector Corruption in Ethiopia 73
Table 3.2
“Downstream” Forms of Corruption in the Education Value Chain
Function Focus Form of Corruption
Management Teachers Bribery, extortion, favoritism, or nepotism in selecting staff
for promotion, access to scholarships, or access to
opportunities for career enhancement
Falsification of documents in support of applications
for promotion and the like
Collusion to ignore regulations regarding management
of teaching and administrative staff
Collusion with teachers over noncompliance with
curriculum, academic calendar
Extortion of facilitation payments from teachers for salaries
and per diems
Suppliers Collusion with supplier when planning for supplies or
equipment
Builders Collusion with contractor when planning the construction
or maintenance of facilities
Misappropriation of building funds by public officials or
community leaders
Procurement Teachers Bribery, extortion, favoritism, or nepotism in the recruitment
of teachers
Fraud, falsification of qualifications (for example, teachers’
certificates) to obtain teaching jobs
Capture of recruitment by groups with vested interests
Suppliers Interdepartmental collusion to bypass procurement
procedures
Favoritism, nepotism, or bribery in the short-listing of
suppliers or the provision of tender information
Tendering companies owned by persons linked with the
award of contracts
Specifications that favor a specific supplier
Fraud, falsification of tender documents, with or without
associated bribery
Collusion among suppliers
Bribery to influence evaluation of tenders
Supply of substandard, or low quantity of, supplies or
equipment
Overbilling by suppliers
Extortion of facilitation payments to ensure settlement
of invoices
Builders Favoritism, nepotism, or bribery in the short-listing of
consultants or contractors or in the provision of tender
information
Tendering companies owned by persons linked with the
award of contracts
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