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378 Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia
Methodology
This risk analysis is supported by a number of sources, including the perceptions
and experiences of senior government and private sector representatives
in Ethiopia who gave their views in interviews, a workshop, and
a survey. Sources included the following:
• Documentation, including laws, regulations, license conditions, and
other documentation about processes.
• Interviews of senior representatives from the Ethiopian government,
the Ministry of Mines (MOM), Oromia Mineral and Energy Resource
Development Agency (the regional licensing authority for Oromia
Region), Addis Ababa City Government Environmental Protection
Authority (the city licensing authority for Addis Ababa City), the
Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (FEACC), and private
sector mining companies.
• A multistakeholder workshop involving senior representatives from the
above organizations and the Oromia Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission.
• A confidential survey of the sector stakeholders through a detailed questionnaire
sent to senior representatives of the above organizations and
the Tigray Water Resource, Mines and Energy Bureau. Approximately
120 survey forms were sent out, and 19 were returned: 12 from private
sector mining companies and 7 from government sources. (Although
the survey returns are small in number, they were provided by senior
and experienced people, so should be regarded as credible.)
In the interviews, workshop, and survey, representatives were asked for
their views on the occurrence of corruption in the mining sector in
Ethiopia, the major areas of corruption risk, how the risk was currently
being dealt with, and how risk prevention could be improved.
Overview of Findings and Recommendations
The extent of corruption in the mining sector appears to be lower, in
both occurrence and value, than in other Ethiopian sectors such as construction
and telecommunications. In fact, most of the people interviewed
had not encountered corruption in the sector. However,
approximately one-third of interviewees had witnessed or heard of actual
corruption. All interviewees perceived a significant risk of corruption
throughout the mining cycle and believe effective anticorruption controls
to be important.