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198 Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia
Table 5.1
Enforcement of
judgment
Filing of claim and
pretrial stages
(continued)
b. Criminal Justice
• Judges “sell” judgments or other preferential treatment to
parties.
• Public officials or political authorities pressure or bribe witnesses.
• Police or bailiffs take bribes to not bring witnesses (or defendants)
to trial.
• Lawyers or clients offer or agree to pay court staff to “lose” files.
• Lawyers or clients offer (or agree) to pay to delay or accelerate
issuance of written opinions (this may be delayed for a long
time).
• Private defense attorneys accept bribes from interested
nongovernmental parties to mishandle cases.
• Court staff members accept or request bribes to show judgments
to parties (or to offer to sell an outcome already determined by
the judge).
• Lawyers solicit money from clients to bribe any of the actors but
keep the funds.
• Lawyers or parties offer or agree to pay to affect decisions on
licenses to appeal and appellate judgments.
• Political authorities or higher judicial leaders direct whether and
how enforcement will be effected.
• Parties offer or agree to pay to arrange early release,
nonincarceration, or reduction or nonpayment of damages.
c. Civil Justice
Potential forms of corruption
• Public officials (in judiciary or outside) direct staff to admit or not
admit cases.
• Public authorities coerce or bribe private attorneys to file or not
file cases.
• Court staff offer bribes or other considerations to accept and
process claims.
• Lawyers accept bribes from other parties to mishandle cases or
accept fees from parties on both sides.
• Lawyers solicit money from clients to bribe judges or staff but
instead pocket the money.
• Lawyers encourage clients to take cases to court that they are
bound to lose.
• Process servers accept or solicit bribes for nonservice, faster
service, false service, and so on.
• Public officials (in judiciary or outside) direct staff to speed or
delay initial processing of cases.
• Lawyers or parties offer or agree to pay court staff for faster or
slower scheduling of events or for misplacement of case files.
(continued next page)