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Overview 15
The perceptions of corruption within Ethiopia by Ethiopians are therefore
high but do not reflect the perceptions of corruption in Ethiopia
by non-Ethiopians. It is worth recalling the Korean businessman who,
when asked about the comparison in the countries where he had
worked, replied that “Ethiopia is a paradise” (relatively free of the
burden corruption places on business).
Cross-Sector Recommendations
Although the recommendations of the study are preliminary and mostly
specific to each of the eight sectors studied in this volume, some common
threads emerge:
• Additional study and analysis is needed to deepen knowledge and
understanding (perhaps unsurprising, given that this diagnostic represents
the first effort to unpack corruption in each of the sectors). In
particular, all of the authors favor more study to consolidate and validate
findings, expand study to areas not yet researched (construction),
and step up investigations (land). Further information could also be
developed by reviewing pilot initiatives in place (land). This preliminary
mapping, however, provides clear pointers to the higher-risk
areas where in-depth study might be useful.
• Enhanced oversight in the form of systematic and better auditing was
recommended across the board, including performance audits (construction),
spot checks and community monitoring (water supply),
internal monitoring (justice agencies), and an independent audit and
public inquiry (telecommunications).
• Enhanced transparency, public disclosure, and access to information
(justice, license issuing, and mining operations) are also recommended,
including complaint-handling mechanisms that could
inform as well as address public concerns (justice).
• Procurement standards, procedures, and frameworks should be equivalent
to those established under the nation’s Public Procurement Proclamation
(especially in the telecommunications sector).
• Stronger regulatory institutions are needed, in particular a regulatory
body to examine land issues; a licensing authority for the mining sector;
and independent bodies to set, monitor, and enforce professional
standards for the justice sector and construction.
• Capacity building is needed across the board to address the chronic
lack of capacity noted in all sectors and to clarify the gray area between
weak capacity and corrupt practice. Recommendations to build