Complete Book PDF (4.12MB) - World Bank eLibrary

96 Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia
Table 3.6 Summary of Corruption Risks in Teacher Management, Recruitment,
and Service Delivery
Perceived corruption risk
Form of corruption
Low Medium High
Management
Bribery, extortion, favoritism, or nepotism in selecting
o
staff for promotion, access to scholarships, or access
to opportunities for career enhancement
Falsification of documents in support of applications
o
for promotion or other considerations
Collusion to ignore regulations regarding management
o
of teaching and administrative staff
Collusion with teachers over noncompliance with
o
curriculum, academic calendar
Extortion of facilitation payments from teachers for
o
salaries and per diems
Procurement (recruitment) Low Medium High
Bribery, extortion, favoritism, or nepotism in the
o
recruitment of teachers
Fraud, falsification of qualifications (such as teachers’
o
certificates) to obtain teaching jobs
Capture of recruitment by groups with vested interests
o
Service delivery Low Medium High
Bribery, extortion, favoritism, or nepotism in the
o
selection of students
Favoritism or nepotism in the assessment of students
o
Fraud (and related bribery) in examinations
o
Falsification of documents: forged transcripts and
o
certificates
Teacher absenteeism
o
Ghost teachers for payment of salaries or per diems o
Teachers using power to physically abuse students
o
Teachers extorting fees for the provision of off-budget o
services (ID cards, sports, cleaning)
Teachers shifting services to private tuition
o
Private schools operating without requisite approval o
Source: Author.
and procurement officers. From the private side, actors include suppliers
of teaching and learning materials, utility operators, and suppliers of
equipment ranging from chalkboards to vehicles.
During the course of the survey, respondents referred to several cases
of apparent weakness in the processes used for the procurement of
education-related supplies and equipment. Though it was not possible
within the limited scope of this study to ascertain the degree to which