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Figure 2.4 Corruption Vulnerability Scores in WHO Assessments, by Pharmaceutical Management Function, GGM Countries
number of countries
Licencing Inspection Promotion
Registration
Clinical
trials
Selection Procurement Distribution
Total no. of
24
6
20
20
countries a 6
24
24
12
Extremely
vulnerable
0 0
0 5
0 1
0 0
Very
vulnerable
2
0
3 5
2
3
1
0
Moderately
vulnerable
10
3
10
9
1
9
4
1
Marginally
vulnerable
11
3
6
1
3
10
17 7
Minimally
vulnerable
1
0
1
0
0
1
2
4
red circles and shaded column headings = most vulnerable to corruption
green circles = least vulnerable to corruption
Source: WHO 2009.
Note: WHO = World Health Organization. GGM = [WHO] Good Governance for Medicines Programme.
a. Total represents the number of countries that had undergone assessments since 2004. As of 2008, 24 countries had participated. However, the assessment of some functions was not
carried out in all countries because new pharmaceutical functions were added to the assessment over the past four years.