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158 Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia
It was only possible to measure the diameter of the installed screen
and casing, not the drilled diameter. In all cases, the diameter of the
screen and casing was as recorded on the invoice.
Borehole outcomes: construction variance and borehole performance.
Might corrupt practices in borehole construction affect the quantity,
quality, and reliability of water supply? To shed light on this question,
community interviewees were asked a series of questions around
(a) borehole functionality, (b) seasonal variation in water availability,
and (c) the perceived quality of water, including turbidity and
perceived “healthiness.” Responses were summarized, ranked, and
equally weighted to generate the scores (shown in annex table 4A.1)
and then compared with the scores for overall construction variance
(measured versus invoiced), as discussed in box 4.6. Figure 4.4 shows
the results.
Six of the boreholes were reported as performing poorly. Interestingly,
there is an observable relationship between borehole performance and
variance in borehole construction, suggesting that substandard construction
has a negative impact on borehole performance, even though all of
the boreholes surveyed were less than three years old.
Figure 4.4 Relationship between Construction Variance and Borehole
Performance in Ethiopia
100
percentage of sites
80
60
40
20
0
low moderate high
variance identified from
postconstruction survey
problems with supply
borehole outcome
no problems with supply
Note: “Construction variance” refers to differences between actual and invoiced construction measures. The
“borehole outcome” ranking combines indicators of borehole functionality, water availability, and water quality.