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248 Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia
Power. This category of the construction sector was outside the scope of
this study.
Other public works. Public works include universities, schools, hospitals,
and markets. Though some study respondents referred to features of the
major construction program for university buildings and associated
infrastructure, the scope of this sectoral study has not included any consultation
with the Ministry of Capacity Building.
Differing Perspectives among Stakeholders
The adoption of a multistakeholder approach revealed a common
resolve to address the problem of corruption but also marked differences
of perspective as to how, or even why, to do so. As a general
pattern, donors appeared to be motivated by concerns about demonstrating
that due process was being followed and was effective.
Government officials tended to point to the need for enforcement of
existing regulations, or the introduction of new ones, while those
working for private companies in the sector were most interested in
broader improvements in sector governance and project design that
would result in a level playing field where they could compete fairly
on equal terms.
Tabulated Overview of Findings
Tables 6.1–6.6 present, for each stage of the value chain, a summary
overview of
• Typical risks experienced internationally at each stage
• Indicators of such risks as perceived in Ethiopia, drawn primarily from
the stakeholder surveys and supplemented by the broader stakeholder
consultations (some risks being stage-specific and others more general
but indirectly related to a stage)
• Specific examples of corruption reported by stakeholders as having
recently occurred in Ethiopia, stripped of any identifying features 6
• Underlying factors affecting each cited risk in Ethiopia
• Corrective measures as recommended by stakeholders in Ethiopia,
drawn primarily from survey responses.
Following the tables, the next section discusses the implications of
these findings.