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Land Sector Corruption in Ethiopia 299
based on the data captured in the expert analysis and personal
experience)
• Sampling in a limited number of dimensions.
The results of the LGAF assessment in Ethiopia and results of the
framework rankings are set out in the annex (“Country LGAF Scorecard
for Ethiopia”), and the areas of weak land governance identified by the
LGAF are set out in box 7.3.
Corruption in Ethiopia’s Land Sector
Land has a very political nature in Ethiopia. There is ongoing debate on
land tenure policy (Crewett and Korf 2008). As a political instrument,
Box 7.3
Areas of Weak Land Governance in Ethiopia
• Lack of federal policy and reliance on unpublished directives
• Lack of policy to formalize urban property and to discourage informal
settlements
• Limited opportunities for tenure individualization
• Undefined extent of communal land and unregistered rights
• Serious limitations in the systems to record rights in urban areas
• Unclear administrative mandates, particularly in the resolution of disputes
• Limited participation in preparation of land use plans, unpublicized plans, and
an urban planning process failing to cope with urban growth
• No clear process of valuation
• No inventory of public land and related systems, poor management of public
land, expropriation of land for private purposes, and a lack of transparency in
the allocation of public land
• Lack of a spatial framework for the registry, which (where it exists) does not
record encumbrances and restrictions and is not kept up-to-date
• Financial unsustainability of the registry and very limited investment in land
administration
• Multiple avenues for dispute resolution and forum shopping in light of an
ineffective formal court system, and high costs and difficulty in accessing the
appellate court system.
Source: Multi-Talent Consultancy 2010.