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OP-II-33концентрации трехвалентного железа, то есть часть железа, находящаяся вдвухвалентном состоянии, в результате механоактивации окисляется в трехвалентное,что положительно влияет на процесс гидрогенизации и приводят к возрастанию выходажидких продуктов[1-3].Литература1 Лебедева В.В., Хренкова Т.М., Голденко Н.Л. Химия твердого топлива.-1978.-№6.-С.144-146.2 Полубенцева М.Ф., Дуганова В.В., Баженов Б.А.,Михайленко Г.А. Химия твердоготоплива.-1997. -№ 6.-С. 62-70.3 Каирбеков Ж.К., Якупова Э. Н., Каирбеков А.Ж., Ешова Ж.Т., Аблайхан А.Вестник КазГУ. Серия химическая. –2000. -№ 1.–С. 26-33.272
FCC GASOLINE SULFUR REDUCTION ADDITIVES: ACTIVITY ANDMECHANISMSTravert A., Can F., Mahjoubi F., Maugé F., Hu R. 1 , Wormsbecher R.F. 1Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, UMR CNRS - ENSICAEN, Caen, France1 W.R. Grace & Co.- Conn. 7500 Grace Drive Columbia, MD 21044 USAE-mail: arnaud.travert@ensicaen.frOP-II-34Desulfurization activity of gasoline sulfur reduction additives (GSR) based on Zn/Al 2 O 3have been evaluated in the cracking of model and regular FCC feeds in a SCT-MAT unit.This additive did not significantly change the selectivity of the cracking catalyst butsignificantly reduced gasoline sulfur contents. The mechanism of sulfur reduction byZn/Al 2 O 3 has been further investigated using infrared spectroscopy at reaction conditionsclose to those used in FCC.Catalytic cracking units account for one third of the gasoline pool but are at the origin of90 % of gasoline sulfur [1]. The use of GSR additives (Gasoline Sulfur Reduction) with theFCC catalyst allows to significantly reduce sulfur content of the gasoline cut. In thiscommunication, the effect of Zn/Al 2 O 3 [2, 3] additives is evaluated in the cracking of model(hexadecane-hexylthiophene) and regular FCC feeds in a Short Contact Time MicroactivityTest unit (SCT-MAT). The mechanism of sulfur reduction by these additives has been furtherinvestigated using infrared spectroscopy at reaction conditions (operando) close to those usedin FCC.Blending Zn/Al 2 O 3 additive with the FCC catalyst does not significantly change crackingselectivities. On the other hand, a significant decrease of the sulfur content of the gasoline cutis observed. This additive allow to completely eliminate tetrahydrothiophene (THT) and tosignificantly reduce thiophene as well as light alkylthiophenes. Zn/Al 2 O 3 additive itself isvery active and selective for THT catalytic decomposition, leading to butadiene and H 2 S.Essential spectral features occurring on the surface during the reaction are perturbation ofsurface OH groups due to hydrogen bond formation and continuous increase of intensity ofbands at 1560 and 1450 cm -1 (Figure 1B). Identical species are formed by butadiene alone,showing that during THT decomposition, they are formed by reaction of the product(butadiene) on the surface. Isotopic O 16 /O 18 exchange of surface oxygen of the catalysts allowus to assign these bands to ν(CO) stretching vibrations of carboxylate species. Catalystdeactivation is correlated with the amount of carboxylates accumulated on the surface,showing that such species poison active sites for THT decomposition. The participation ofLewis acid sites to the reaction has been directly evidenced in operando conditions: pyridine273
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Сибирское отделени
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PLENARY LECTURES
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PL-1“nucleophily”, “electroph
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PL-2This presentation will focus on
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PL-3NOBLE METALS CONTAINING CATALYS
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PL-4KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF SELEC
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PL-5the possibility of performing s
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PL-6MULTINUCLEAR NMR IMAGING IN CAT
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PL-6At the same time, other excitin
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KS-I-1THE EFFECTS OF ACTIVE SITE CO
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С 2 -С 3 OLEFIN PRODUCTION PATHWA
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- process (3) can be important in t
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OOOOZ mO OXOO XO nYO O n-2(I) HY(II
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KS-I-4В настоящей раб
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TAP-APPROACH IN CATALYTIC MECHANISM
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KS-I-6pressure study. For this inve
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NEW ADVANCED CATALYSTS ON THE BASIS
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KS-II-1Многочисленны
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KS-II-2The following approaches tha
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KS-II-4KINETIC FEATURES AND MECHANI
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KS-II-4от характера ли
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KS-II-5В работе проана
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KS-II-6Me 3 , 1,2,4-Me 3 , Me 4 ).
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KS-III-1INTENSITY OF IR-ADSORPTION
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APPLICATION OF SURFACE SCIENCE PHYS
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KS-III-2преимуществом
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KS-III-3ON THE REGULARITIES OF THE
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KS-III-3пропилена, то н
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KS-III-4K on the same sites that ac
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KS-III-5комплекс вопро
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CAN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY HELP TO TAYLO
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OP-I-1MECHANISMS OF HETEROGENEOUS C
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OP-I-2Рис. 1. Зависимос
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CARBON OXIDE HYDROGENATION OVER Fe-
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OP-I-3значения полос
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OP-I-4цеолита, а при с
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IRON EFFECT UPON ALKANES CRACKING O
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OP-I-5На поверхности
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OP-I-6acidity measurements of the H
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OP-I-7Н 2 -D 2 обмен иссл
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OP-I-8NOVEL WAY TO THE SYNTHESIS OF
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OP-I-8глиоксалю - сост
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OP-I-9their intensities, new appear
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OP-I-10activity even with platinum.
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OP-I-10part of CPSS was straightfor
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OP-I-11Однако при гидр
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OP-I-12MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF THE L
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OP-I-12по сравнению с
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OP-I-13over other catalysts in fine
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OP-I-14поперек и под у
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OP-I-15After performing an ageing t
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OP-I-16oxidized to Sn 4+ [4,5]. In
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OP-I-17INFLUENCE OF THE LATTICE OXY
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OP-I-18NEW CATALYST OF LOW-TEMPERAT
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OP-I-19COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METHANE
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OP-I-19syngas selectivity is due to
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OP-I-20EFFECT OF OXYGEN MOBILITY ON
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селективности. В эт
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OP-I-21поликристаллич
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OP-I-22SELECTIVE СО OXIDATION: RE
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OP-I-22Как видно из ри
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OP-I-23установлению к
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OP-I-24CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF COP
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OP-I-25MECHANISMS OF METHANE CHLORI
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OP-I-25При исследован
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OP-I-26За модельные мо
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OP-I-27INFLUENCE OF SECOND METAL AD
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OP-I-28ACTIVITY AND DEACTIVATION OF
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OP-I-28а содержание бе
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OP-I-29хлористого вод
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THE MECHANISM OF CHLORINE GENERATIO
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OP-I-30Значения конст
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OP-I-31ТХБ, растворите
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OP-I-32Наряду с хлорид
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CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF ALIPHA
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OP-I-34STRONG METAL-SUPPORT INTERAC
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OP-I-34The reduction extent of Ni 2
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OP-I-35impregnating solutions for c
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FEATURES OF CATALYSTS EMPLOYMENT FO
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OP-I-361 - NH 3 (14,5), H 2 S (4,1)
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OP-I-37В условиях реак
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OP-I-38ROLE OF REDOX- AND ACIDIC CE
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OP-I-38Таблица 2. Актив
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OP-I-39Таблица 1. Влиян
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OP-I-40гидроксосилика
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OP-I-41(рис.1). Дегидрир
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PROTON TRANSFER REACTIONSIN TRANSIT
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OP-II-1elucidation of the mechanism
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OP-II-2oscillations of E Pt and pH
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OP-II-3гексана в польз
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OP-II-3более мягкий пу
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R 1OCa 2+OH -OHR 2Рис. 1. Пер
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STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF CATALYTIC
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MECHANISM OF PHENOL AND ANILINE ALK
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OP-II-7MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF HY
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OP-II-8CATALYTIC AND PHYSICOCHEMICA
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OP-II-8To sum up we can say that Pt
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OP-II-9величины изоме
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OP-II-9увеличением со
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OP-II-10the second metal are still
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OP-II-11которых химизм
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OP-II-116. Co(Ni)Mo-катализ
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OP-II-12гг-1, которая от
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OP-II-13ROLE OF THE SOLVENT IN THE
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OP-II-14KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF P
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O 2H 2 OFeX 2FeX 3I 2HIBuOHP n , Zn
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OP-II-15capable of asymmetric oxida
Page 221 and 222: OP-II-16Систематическ
Page 223 and 224: OP-II-17MECHANISM OF ETHYLENE METHO
Page 225 and 226: OP-II-18MECHANISM OF LIQUID-PHASE C
Page 227 and 228: OP-II-18катализатора и
Page 229 and 230: OP-II-19Основным недос
Page 231 and 232: OP-II-19Литература:1 Шн
Page 233 and 234: OP-II-20Surprising is the finding t
Page 235 and 236: OP-II-21ºC) [7]. Полученн
Page 237 and 238: OP-II-21Настоящая рабо
Page 239 and 240: OP-II-22W(VI), Ti(IV), Re(VII), х
Page 241 and 242: OP-II-23MECHANISM OF ACTIVATION AND
Page 243 and 244: OP-II-23содержащей сис
Page 245 and 246: 2+2+OP-II-24O25 31 (R=Me)OORD 2/ Ru
Page 247 and 248: OP-II-25ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION OF
Page 249 and 250: MECHANISM OF TRIMETHYLPENTANE AND D
Page 251 and 252: OP-II-26СХЕМА 3. Наибол
Page 253 and 254: OP-II-27диенофилов - ма
Page 255 and 256: OP-II-28H 2 MoO 4 и FeMoO 4 поз
Page 257 and 258: OP-II-29THE CATALYTIC ACTION OF AMM
Page 259 and 260: OP-II-29Как и в случае
Page 261 and 262: THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF P-TOL
Page 263 and 264: OP-II-30PhCH-CH 2O+SHKk1 +PhCH-CH 2
Page 265 and 266: OP-II-31Согласно данны
Page 267 and 268: OP-II-32TRANSFORMATION OF SULFUR OR
Page 269 and 270: Рисунок 1OP-II-32269
Page 271: OP-II-33скорость образ
Page 275 and 276: OP-II-35NOVEL HETEROGENIZED NICKEL
Page 277 and 278: OP-II-35повышена до 60-80
Page 279 and 280: OP-II-36provide stable experimentat
Page 281 and 282: DISCRIMINATION OF KINETIC MODELS OF
Page 283 and 284: OP-II-37Однако при уве
Page 285 and 286: OP-II-38Для этих систе
Page 287 and 288: OP-II-39раскрывается п
Page 289 and 290: OP-II-40TITANIUM-MAGNESIUM CATALYST
Page 291 and 292: OP-II-41MECHANISM OF BUTADIENE POLY
Page 293 and 294: OP-II-41Нами установле
Page 295 and 296: OP-II-42тщательно пром
Page 297 and 298: OP-II-43обрыва или пер
Page 299 and 300: OP-II-44MECHANISMS OF HIGHER α-OLE
Page 301 and 302: OP-II-44С учётом разни
Page 303 and 304: OP-II-45сополимеры, пр
Page 305 and 306: OP-III-1Разбавление аз
Page 307 and 308: OP-III-1Из таблицы 1 ви
Page 309 and 310: OP-III-2OPERANDO INFRARED STUDY OF
Page 311 and 312: OP-III-2with formation of diketene
Page 313 and 314: OP-III-3С этих позиций
Page 315 and 316: OP-III-4центров двух т
Page 317 and 318: OP-III-5аналогов, соде
Page 319 and 320: OP-III-6QUANTUM-CHEMICAL STUDY OF T
Page 321 and 322: OP-III-6Hn(H 2 C) ON BHH 3 BBH 3HPh
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OP-III-7положения заме
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OP-III-8поверхностног
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OP-III-9поверхностных
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OP-III-11THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERIST
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OP-III-11which corresponds to ΔS°
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OP-III-12i[ Cp2ZrHCl⋅2] 2iiX6= HA
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OP-III-13MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF 1,2
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OP-III-13changes to the formation o
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OP-III-14Рис. Синергиче
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OP-III-15Содержание во
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OP-III-16XPS AND NEXAFS IN-SITU INV
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OP-III-17THERMAL STABILITY OF GOLD
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OP-III-17Там, где спека
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OP-III-18Окисление Н 2 .
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OP-III-18режима протек
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OP-III-19палладия адсо
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OP-III-20THE ADSORBED OXYGEN SPECIE
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OP-III-20Воздействие н
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OP-III-21and selective oxidation of
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OP-III-22STM/XPS STUDY OF MODEL CAT
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OP-III-22Разработанная
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OP-III-23Образцы редко
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OP-III-24IN SITU GAS-PHASE X-RAY PH
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OP-III-24Перед каталит
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OP-III-25width ΔH = 7-100G. The pa
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OP-III-26структуры, но
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OP-III-27скорости реак
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OP-III-28STUDIES OF THE MECHANISM O
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OP-III-28и (iv) повторной
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OP-III-29При Т
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OP-III-30ACTIVE PHASE TRANSFORMATIO
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OP-III-30- Au, above 650° and for
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OP-III-31с участием раз
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OP-III-32- high-activity zone - in
Page 394 and 395:
OP-III-33MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE
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OP-III-33a) b)Temperature [K]Pressu
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OP-III-34В настоящем со
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OP-III-35кластера имее
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OP-III-36APPLICATION OF MULTINUCLEA
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OP-III-36simultaneous occurrence of
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OP-III-37металлических
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OP-III-38METHODS FOR INVESTIGATION
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OP-III-39CIDNP IN ANALYSIS OF RADIC
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OP-III-39солей переход
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OP-III-40similar π-alkyne CpNi( Ph
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OP-III-41взаимодействи
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MECHANISM OF ARYLHALIDES CATALYTIC
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YP-1Из полученных да
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YP-2В развитие указа
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INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF C
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Таблица 1. Диаметр п
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YP-4При использовани
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YP-5В этой связи пред
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N-PENTANE ISOMERIZATION AT THE SUPE
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CYCLOHEXANOL CONVERTION OVER Cu-CON
Page 437 and 438:
YP-7основных центров
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YP-8Разработана преп
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YP-9размер наночасти
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YP-10фольги очищалас
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YP-11STUDIES OF SELECTIVE HETEROGEN
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YP-11быстрее потенци
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YP-12водорода происх
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YP-13CATALYTIC ACTIVITY AND PHYSICO
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YP-13Hydrogen consumption [a.u.]543
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KS-I-6 Zemlyanov D., Aszalos-Kiss B
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OP-I-8 Magaev O.V., Fedotova M.P.,
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OP-I-30 Rozdyalovskaya T.A., Chudin
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OP-II-12 Lavrenov A.V., Duplyakin V
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OP-II-37 Балаев А.В., Гр
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OP-III-16 Beloshapkin S., Zemlianov
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OP-III-40 Saraev V.V., Kraikivskii
Page 469:
VII РОССИЙСКАЯ КОНФЕ
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