References Palm, S. P., Strey, S. T., Sp<strong>in</strong>hirne, J. <strong>and</strong> Markus, T., 2010, 'Influence of Arctic sea ice extent on polar cloud fraction <strong>and</strong> vertical structure <strong>and</strong> implications for regional climate', Journal of Geophysical Research 115, D21209 (doi: 10.1029/2010JD013900). Paolo, F. S., Fricker, H. A. <strong>and</strong> Padman, L., 2015, 'Volume loss from Antarctic ice shelves is accelerat<strong>in</strong>g', Science 348(6232), 327–331 (doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0940). Park<strong>in</strong>son, C. L., 2014, 'Global sea ice coverage from satellite data: Annual cycle <strong>and</strong> 35-yr trends', Journal of <strong>Climate</strong> 27(24), 9 377–9 382 (doi: 10.1175/ JCLI-D-14-00605.1). Parmentier, F.-J. W., Zhang, W., Mi, Y., Zhu, X., van Huissteden, J., Hayes, D. J., Zhuang, Q., Christensen, T. R. <strong>and</strong> David McGuire, A., 2015, 'Ris<strong>in</strong>g methane emissions from northern wetl<strong>and</strong>s associated with sea ice decl<strong>in</strong>e', Geophysical Research Letters 42, 7 214–7 222, (doi: 10.1002/2015GL065013). Pistone, K., Eisenman, I. <strong>and</strong> Ramanathan, V., 2014, 'Observational determ<strong>in</strong>ation of albedo decrease caused by vanish<strong>in</strong>g Arctic sea ice', Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the National Academy of Sciences 111(9), 3 322–3 326 (doi: 10.1073/pnas.1318201111). Post, E., Forchhammer, M. C., Bret-Harte, M. S., Callaghan, T. V., Christensen, T. R., Elberl<strong>in</strong>g, B., Fox, A. D., Gilg, O., Hik, D. S., Høye, T. T., Ims, R. A., Jeppesen, E., Kle<strong>in</strong>, D. R., Madsen, J., McGuire, A. D., Rysgaard, S., Sch<strong>in</strong>dler, D. E., Stirl<strong>in</strong>g, I., Tamstorf, M. P. et al., 2009, 'Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent <strong>Climate</strong> Change', Science 325(5946), 1 355–1 358 (doi: 10.1126/science.1173113). Radić, V., Bliss, A., Beedlow, A. C., Hock, R., Miles, E. <strong>and</strong> Cogley, J. G., 2014, 'Regional <strong>and</strong> global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass <strong>change</strong>s <strong>in</strong> response to climate scenarios from global climate models', <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics 42(1–2), 37–58 (doi: 10.1007/s00382- 013-1719-7). Rae, J. G. L., Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., Edwards, T. L., Fettweis, X., Gregory, J. M., Hewitt, H. T., Lowe, J. A., Lucas-Picher, P., Mottram, R. H., Payne, A. J., Ridley, J. K., Shannon, S. R., van de Berg, W. J., van de Wal, R. S. W. <strong>and</strong> van den Broeke, M. R., 2012, 'Greenl<strong>and</strong> ice sheet surface mass balance: Evaluat<strong>in</strong>g simulations <strong>and</strong> mak<strong>in</strong>g projections with regional climate models', The Cryosphere 6(6), 1 275–1 294 (doi: 10.5194/tc-6-1275-2012). Räisänen, J., <strong>2016</strong>, 'Twenty-first century <strong>change</strong>s <strong>in</strong> snowfall climate <strong>in</strong> Northern <strong>Europe</strong> <strong>in</strong> ENSEMBLES regional climate models', <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics (46), 339–353 (doi: 10.1007/s00382-015-2587-0). Rignot, E., Moug<strong>in</strong>ot, J., Morlighem, M., Seroussi, H. <strong>and</strong> Scheuchl, B., 2014, 'Widespread, rapid ground<strong>in</strong>g l<strong>in</strong>e retreat of P<strong>in</strong>e Isl<strong>and</strong>, Thwaites, Smith, <strong>and</strong> Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011', Geophysical Research Letters 41(10), 3 502–3 509 (doi: 10.1002/2014GL060140). Rob<strong>in</strong>son, A., Calov, R. <strong>and</strong> Ganopolski, A., 2012, 'Multistability <strong>and</strong> critical thresholds of the Greenl<strong>and</strong> ice sheet', Nature <strong>Climate</strong> Change 2(6), 429–432 (doi: 10.1038/nclimate1449). RUGSL, 2011, 'Fall, w<strong>in</strong>ter, <strong>and</strong> spr<strong>in</strong>g Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent from the Rutgers University Global Snow Lab' (http://pielkeclimatesci. wordpress.com/2011/05/30/fall-w<strong>in</strong>ter-<strong>and</strong>-spr<strong>in</strong>gnorthern-hemisphere-snow-cover-extent-fromthe-rutgers-university-global-snow-lab) accessed 7 February 2012. Schmucki, E., Marty, C., Fierz, C. <strong>and</strong> Lehn<strong>in</strong>g, M., 2015, 'Simulations of 21st century snow response to climate <strong>change</strong> <strong>in</strong> Switzerl<strong>and</strong> from a set of RCMs: Snow response to climate <strong>change</strong> <strong>in</strong> Switzerl<strong>and</strong>', International Journal of Climatology 35(11), 3 262–3 273 (doi: 10.1002/joc.4205). Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schädel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W., Hayes, D. J., Hugelius, G., Koven, C. D., Kuhry, P., Lawrence, D. M., Natali, S. M., Olefeldt, D., Romanovsky, V. E., Schaefer, K., Turetsky, M. R., Treat, C. C. <strong>and</strong> Vonk, J. E., 2015, '<strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> <strong>and</strong> the permafrost carbon feedback', Nature 520(7546), 171–179 (doi: 10.1038/nature14338). Schweiger, A., L<strong>in</strong>dsay, R., Zhang, J., Steele, M., Stern, H. <strong>and</strong> Kwok, R., 2011, 'Uncerta<strong>in</strong>ty <strong>in</strong> modeled Arctic sea ice volume', Journal of Geophysical Research 116, C00D06 (doi: 10.1029/2011JC007084). Screen, J. A. <strong>and</strong> Simmonds, I., 2010, 'The central role of dim<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g sea ice <strong>in</strong> recent Arctic temperature amplification', Nature 464(7293), 1 334–1 337 (doi: 10.1038/nature09051). Se<strong>in</strong>ä, A., Grönvall, H., Kalliosaari, S. <strong>and</strong> Va<strong>in</strong>io, J., 2001, Ice seasons 1996–2000 <strong>in</strong> F<strong>in</strong>nish sea areas, MERI Report 43, F<strong>in</strong>nish Institute of Mar<strong>in</strong>e Research, Hels<strong>in</strong>ki. Se<strong>in</strong>ä, A. <strong>and</strong> Palosuo, E., 1996, The classification of the maximum annual extent of ice cover <strong>in</strong> the Baltic Sea 1720–1995, MERI Report 27, F<strong>in</strong>nish Institute of Mar<strong>in</strong>e Research, Hels<strong>in</strong>ki. SGHL <strong>and</strong> CHy, 2011, Auswirkungen der Klimaänderung auf die Wasserkraftnutzung — Synthesebericht, Beiträge 352 <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>vulnerability</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> <strong>2016</strong> | An <strong>in</strong>dicator-based report
References zur Hydrologie der Schweiz No 38, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Hydrologie und Limnologie (SGHL) <strong>and</strong> Hydrologische Kommission (CHy), Bern. Shaefer, K., Lantuit, H., Romanovsky, V. <strong>and</strong> Schuur, E. A. G., 2012, Policy implications of warm<strong>in</strong>g permafrost, UNEP, Nairobi. Shepherd, A., Iv<strong>in</strong>s, E. R., A, G., Barletta, V. R., Bentley, M. J., Bettadpur, S., Briggs, K. H., Bromwich, D. H., Forsberg, R., Gal<strong>in</strong>, N., Horwath, M., Jacobs, S., Jough<strong>in</strong>, I., K<strong>in</strong>g, M. A., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Li, J., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Luckman, A., Luthcke, S. B. et al., 2012, 'A reconciled estimate of ice-sheet mass balance', Science 338(6111), 1 183–1 189 (doi: 10.1126/ science.1228102). Shepherd, A., Iv<strong>in</strong>s, E. R. <strong>and</strong> Markus, T., 2015, Track<strong>in</strong>g ice: The latest efforts to measure the polar ice sheets, Presentation at the AGU Fall Meet<strong>in</strong>g, 14–18 December 2015, San Francisco. Simmonds, I. <strong>and</strong> Govekar, P. D., 2014, 'What are the physical l<strong>in</strong>ks between Arctic sea ice loss <strong>and</strong> Eurasian w<strong>in</strong>ter climate?', Environmental Research Letters 9(10), 101003 (doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/101003). Sonc<strong>in</strong>i, A. <strong>and</strong> Bocchiola, D., 2011, 'Assessment of future snowfall regimes with<strong>in</strong> the Italian Alps us<strong>in</strong>g general circulation models', Cold Regions Science <strong>and</strong> Technology 68(3), 113–123 (doi: 10.1016/j. coldregions.2011.06.011). Stammerjohn, S., Massom, R., R<strong>in</strong>d, D. <strong>and</strong> Mart<strong>in</strong>son, D., 2012, 'Regions of rapid sea ice <strong>change</strong>: An <strong>in</strong>ter-hemispheric seasonal comparison', Geophysical Research Letters 39, L06501 (doi: 10.1029/2012GL050874). Steger, C., Kotlarski, S., Jonas, T. <strong>and</strong> Schär, C., 2013, 'Alp<strong>in</strong>e snow cover <strong>in</strong> a chang<strong>in</strong>g climate: A regional climate model perspective', <strong>Climate</strong> Dynamics 41(3–4), 735–754 (doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1545-3). Stroeve, J. C., Kattsov, V., Barrett, A., Serreze, M., Pavlova, T., Holl<strong>and</strong>, M. <strong>and</strong> Meier, W. N., 2012, 'Trends <strong>in</strong> Arctic sea ice extent from CMIP5, CMIP3 <strong>and</strong> observations', Geophysical Research Letters 39(16), L16502 (doi: 10.1029/2012GL052676). Takala, M., Luojus, K., Pullia<strong>in</strong>en, J., Derksen, C., Lemmety<strong>in</strong>en, J., Kärnä, J.-P., Kosk<strong>in</strong>en, J. <strong>and</strong> Bojkov, B., 2011, 'Estimat<strong>in</strong>g northern hemisphere snow water equivalent for climate research through assimilation of space-borne radiometer data <strong>and</strong> ground-based measurements', Remote Sens<strong>in</strong>g of Environment 115(12), 3 517–3 529 (doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.014). Tedesco, M., Fettweis, X., Mote, T., Wahr, J., Alex<strong>and</strong>er, P., Box, J. E. <strong>and</strong> Wouters, B., 2013, 'Evidence <strong>and</strong> analysis of 2012 Greenl<strong>and</strong> records from spaceborne observations, a regional climate model <strong>and</strong> reanalysis data', The Cryosphere 7(2), 615–630 (doi: 10.5194/tc-7- 615-2013). UNEP, 2007, Global outlook for ice <strong>and</strong> snow, United Nations Environment Programme, Arendal. Vaughan, D. G., Comiso, J. C., Allison, I., Carrasco, J., Kaser, G., Kwok, R., Mote, P., Murray, T., Paul, F., Ren, J., Rignot, E., Solom<strong>in</strong>a, O., Steffen, K. <strong>and</strong> Zhang, T., 2013, 'Observations: Cryosphere', <strong>in</strong>: Stocker, T. F., Q<strong>in</strong>, D., Plattner, G.-K., et al. (eds), <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of Work<strong>in</strong>g Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on <strong>Climate</strong> Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York, pp. 317–382. Vavrus, S. J., 2013, 'Extreme Arctic cyclones <strong>in</strong> CMIP5 historical simulations', Geophysical Research Letters 40(23), 6 208–6 212 (doi: 10.1002/2013GL058161). Vihma, T., 2014, 'Effects of Arctic sea ice decl<strong>in</strong>e on weather <strong>and</strong> climate: A review', Surveys <strong>in</strong> Geophysics 35(5), 1 175–1 214 (doi: 10.1007/s10712-014-9284-0). Vizca<strong>in</strong>o, M., Mikolajewicz, U., Ziemen, F., Rodehacke, C. B., Greve, R. <strong>and</strong> van den Broeke, M. R., 2015, 'Coupled simulations of Greenl<strong>and</strong> Ice Sheet <strong>and</strong> climate <strong>change</strong> up to A.D. 2300: GRIS <strong>and</strong> climate <strong>change</strong> up to AD 2300', Geophysical Research Letters 42(10), 3 927–3 935 (doi: 10.1002/2014GL061142). Wang, M. <strong>and</strong> Overl<strong>and</strong>, J. E., 2012, 'A sea ice free summer Arctic with<strong>in</strong> 30 years: An update from CMIP5 models: Summer Arctic sea ice', Geophysical Research Letters 39(18), L18501 (doi: 10.1029/2012GL052868). Wouters, B., Mart<strong>in</strong>-Español, A., Helm, V., Flament, T., Wessem, J. M. van, Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Broeke, M. R. van den <strong>and</strong> Bamber, J. L., 2015, 'Dynamic th<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of glaciers on the Southern Antarctic Pen<strong>in</strong>sula', Science 348(6237), 899–903 (doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5727). Yang, Q., Dixon, T. H., Myers, P. G., Bon<strong>in</strong>, J., Chambers, D. <strong>and</strong> van den Broeke, M. R., <strong>2016</strong>, 'Recent <strong>in</strong>creases <strong>in</strong> Arctic freshwater flux affects Labrador Sea convection <strong>and</strong> Atlantic overturn<strong>in</strong>g circulation', Nature Communications 7, 10525 (doi: 10.1038/ ncomms10525). Zemp, M., Frey, H., Gärtner-Roer, I., Nussbaumer, S. U., Hoelzle, M., Paul, F., Haeberli, W., Denz<strong>in</strong>ger, F., Ahlstrøm, A. P., Anderson, B., Bajracharya, S., Baroni, C., Braun, L. N., Cáceres, B. E., Casassa, G., Cobos, G., Dávila, <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>vulnerability</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> <strong>2016</strong> | An <strong>in</strong>dicator-based report 353
- Page 1:
EEA Report No 1/2017 Climate change
- Page 4 and 5:
Cover design: EEA Cover photo: © J
- Page 6 and 7:
Contents 3 Changes in the climate s
- Page 8 and 9:
Contents 6 Multi-sectoral vulnerabi
- Page 10 and 11:
Acknowledgements Acknowledgements R
- Page 12 and 13:
Acknowledgements Chapter 6: Multi-s
- Page 14 and 15:
Executive summary Executive summary
- Page 16 and 17:
Executive summary ES.1 Introduction
- Page 18 and 19:
Executive summary EU climate policy
- Page 20 and 21:
Executive summary dispersal of inva
- Page 22 and 23:
Executive summary Human health The
- Page 24 and 25:
Executive summary Table ES.1 Key ob
- Page 26 and 27:
Executive summary For 34 out of the
- Page 28 and 29:
Executive summary precipitation, th
- Page 30 and 31:
Executive summary as a result of cl
- Page 32 and 33:
Executive summary thereby deliverin
- Page 34 and 35:
Introduction 1.1.2 Content and data
- Page 36 and 37:
Introduction 1.1.3 Changes compared
- Page 38 and 39:
Introduction Table 1.4 Overview of
- Page 40 and 41:
Introduction collaboration between
- Page 42 and 43:
Introduction The primary characteri
- Page 44 and 45:
Introduction Table 1.7 Data coverag
- Page 46 and 47:
Introduction 1.3 Uncertainty in obs
- Page 48 and 49:
Introduction • attribution of an
- Page 50 and 51:
Introduction Article 4.4 of the UNF
- Page 52 and 53:
Policy context 2 Policy context 2.1
- Page 54 and 55:
Policy context In addition, the 203
- Page 56 and 57:
Policy context EU Adaptation Strate
- Page 58 and 59:
Policy context Map 2.1 Overview of
- Page 60 and 61:
Policy context Baltic Marine Enviro
- Page 62 and 63:
Policy context includes recommendat
- Page 64 and 65:
Changes in the climate system Figur
- Page 66 and 67:
Changes in the climate system asses
- Page 68 and 69:
Changes in the climate system Box 3
- Page 70 and 71:
Changes in the climate system incre
- Page 72 and 73:
Changes in the climate system in Eu
- Page 74 and 75:
Changes in the climate system Box 3
- Page 76 and 77:
Changes in the climate system Figur
- Page 78 and 79:
Changes in the climate system Proje
- Page 80 and 81:
Changes in the climate system Map 3
- Page 82 and 83:
Changes in the climate system 3.2.4
- Page 84 and 85:
Changes in the climate system 3.2.5
- Page 86 and 87:
Changes in the climate system Map 3
- Page 88 and 89:
Changes in the climate system 1871-
- Page 90 and 91:
Changes in the climate system 3.2.7
- Page 92 and 93:
Changes in the climate system 3.3 C
- Page 94 and 95:
Changes in the climate system 3.3.2
- Page 96 and 97:
Changes in the climate system Figur
- Page 98 and 99:
Changes in the climate system 3.3.3
- Page 100 and 101:
Changes in the climate system the i
- Page 102 and 103:
Changes in the climate system Figur
- Page 104 and 105:
Changes in the climate system 3.3.5
- Page 106 and 107:
Changes in the climate system Proje
- Page 108 and 109:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 110 and 111:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 112 and 113:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 114 and 115:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 116 and 117:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 118 and 119:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 120 and 121:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 122 and 123:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 124 and 125:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 126 and 127:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 128 and 129:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 130 and 131:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 132 and 133:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 134 and 135:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 136 and 137:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 138 and 139:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 140 and 141:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 142 and 143:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 144 and 145:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 146 and 147:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 148 and 149:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 150 and 151:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 152 and 153:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 154 and 155:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 156 and 157:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 158 and 159:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 160 and 161:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 162 and 163:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 164 and 165:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 166 and 167:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 168 and 169:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 170 and 171:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 172 and 173:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 174 and 175:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 176 and 177:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 178 and 179:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 180 and 181:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 182 and 183:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 184 and 185:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 186 and 187:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 188 and 189:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 190 and 191:
Climate change impacts on environme
- Page 192 and 193:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 194 and 195:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 196 and 197:
Climate change impacts on society F
- Page 198 and 199:
Climate change impacts on society a
- Page 200 and 201:
Climate change impacts on society F
- Page 202 and 203:
Climate change impacts on society F
- Page 204 and 205:
Climate change impacts on society h
- Page 206 and 207:
Climate change impacts on society H
- Page 208 and 209:
Climate change impacts on society M
- Page 210 and 211:
Climate change impacts on society w
- Page 212 and 213:
Climate change impacts on society p
- Page 214 and 215:
Climate change impacts on society b
- Page 216 and 217:
Climate change impacts on society M
- Page 218 and 219:
Climate change impacts on society c
- Page 220 and 221:
Climate change impacts on society M
- Page 222 and 223:
Climate change impacts on society T
- Page 224 and 225:
Climate change impacts on society o
- Page 226 and 227:
Climate change impacts on society t
- Page 228 and 229:
Climate change impacts on society B
- Page 230 and 231:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 232 and 233:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 234 and 235:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 236 and 237:
Climate change impacts on society M
- Page 238 and 239:
Climate change impacts on society M
- Page 240 and 241:
Climate change impacts on society M
- Page 242 and 243:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 244 and 245:
Climate change impacts on society T
- Page 246 and 247:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 248 and 249:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 250 and 251:
Climate change impacts on society M
- Page 252 and 253:
Climate change impacts on society T
- Page 254 and 255:
Climate change impacts on society p
- Page 256 and 257:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 258 and 259:
Climate change impacts on society u
- Page 260 and 261:
Climate change impacts on society T
- Page 262 and 263:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 264 and 265:
Climate change impacts on society r
- Page 266 and 267:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 268 and 269:
Climate change impacts on society 5
- Page 270 and 271:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 272 and 273:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 274 and 275:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 276 and 277:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 278 and 279:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 280 and 281:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 282 and 283:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 284 and 285:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 286 and 287:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 288 and 289:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 290 and 291:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 292 and 293:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 294 and 295:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 296 and 297:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 298 and 299:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 300 and 301:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 302 and 303:
Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 304 and 305: Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 306 and 307: Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 308 and 309: Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 310 and 311: Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 312 and 313: Multi-sectoral vulnerability and ri
- Page 314 and 315: Strengthening the knowledge base 7
- Page 316 and 317: Strengthening the knowledge base nu
- Page 318 and 319: Strengthening the knowledge base Th
- Page 320 and 321: Strengthening the knowledge base Re
- Page 322 and 323: Strengthening the knowledge base me
- Page 324 and 325: Strengthening the knowledge base Re
- Page 326 and 327: Strengthening the knowledge base
- Page 328 and 329: Abbreviations and acronyms 8 Abbrev
- Page 330 and 331: Abbreviations and acronyms Table 8.
- Page 332 and 333: Abbreviations and acronyms Table 8.
- Page 334 and 335: Abbreviations and acronyms 8.2 Acro
- Page 336 and 337: References References Executive sum
- Page 338 and 339: References EEA, 2004, Impacts of Eu
- Page 340 and 341: References Adaptation to Climate Ch
- Page 342 and 343: References EEA, 2015a, National mon
- Page 344 and 345: References high-resolution climate
- Page 346 and 347: References Fischer, E. M., Sedláč
- Page 348 and 349: References Geophysical Research Let
- Page 350 and 351: References Barletta, V. R., Sørens
- Page 352 and 353: References Discussions 15(14), 20 0
- Page 356 and 357: References L. R., Delgado Granados,
- Page 358 and 359: References Chust, G., Allen, J. I.,
- Page 360 and 361: References antropogent karbon i de
- Page 362 and 363: References face of climate change',
- Page 364 and 365: References Gerritsen, H., 2005, 'Wh
- Page 366 and 367: References Andersen, K. K. and Chri
- Page 368 and 369: References EEA, 2012b, Towards effi
- Page 370 and 371: References Naturwissenschaften Schw
- Page 372 and 373: References Arneth, A., Harrison, S.
- Page 374 and 375: References northern margin of its d
- Page 376 and 377: References Hegland, S. J., Nielsen,
- Page 378 and 379: References weather', Agricultural a
- Page 380 and 381: References 'The new assessment of s
- Page 382 and 383: References Schweiger, O., Settele,
- Page 384 and 385: References 'Warming experiments und
- Page 386 and 387: References Forzieri, G., Bianchi, A
- Page 388 and 389: References Burkart, K., Canário, P
- Page 390 and 391: References Gertler, M., Durr, M., R
- Page 392 and 393: References the environmental condit
- Page 394 and 395: References Semenza, J. C., Sudre, B
- Page 396 and 397: References Brisson, N., Gate, P., G
- Page 398 and 399: References Lesk, C., Rowhani, P. an
- Page 400 and 401: References Vitali, A., Segnalini, M
- Page 402 and 403: References Rübbelke, D. and Vögel
- Page 404 and 405:
References Nemry, F. and Demirel, H
- Page 406 and 407:
References Pons, M., López-Moreno,
- Page 408 and 409:
References indicators of impacts an
- Page 410 and 411:
References Roudier, P., Andersson,
- Page 412 and 413:
References Global Environmental Cha
- Page 414 and 415:
References Chierici, M. and Fransso
- Page 416 and 417:
References the Pyrenees from a set
- Page 418 and 419:
References change on olive crop eva
- Page 420 and 421:
References Steeneveld, G. J., Koopm
- Page 423 and 424:
European Environment Agency Climate