Climate change impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016

Introduction
Table 1.7
Data coverage of indicators and other quantitative projections
Section Indicator/topic Past trends
(longest time
series)
3.2.2 Global and European
temperature (*)
Projections
Emissions
scenarios
Climate models
1850–2015 2080s RCP4.5/8.5 RCM ensemble
(EURO-CORDEX)
3.2.3 Heat extremes 1960–2015 2030s, 2080s RCP4.5/8.5 GCM ensemble –
3.2.4 Mean precipitation 1960–2015 2080s RCP8.5 RCM ensemble –
(EURO-CORDEX)
3.2.5 Heavy precipitation 1960–2015 2080s RCP8.5 RCM ensemble –
(EURO-CORDEX)
3.2.6 Wind storms – 2080s A1B 9 GCM and 11 RCM –
ensemble
3.2.7 Hail 1951–2010 –
3.3.2 Arctic and Baltic
Arctic:
Up to 2100 All RCPs GCM ensemble –
sea ice (*)
1979–2016
Baltic:
–
1719–2016
3.3.3 Greenland and Antarctic 1992–2015 –
ice sheets
3.3.4 Glaciers 1946–2014 Up to 2100 RCP4.5/8.5 14 GCM ensemble –
3.3.5 Snow cover 1922–2015 Up to 2100 All RCPs GCM ensemble –
4.1.2 Ocean acidification 1988–2014 Up to 2100 All RCPs GCM ensemble –
4.1.3 Ocean heat content 1957–2013 –
4.1.4 Sea surface
1870–2015 –
temperature (*)
4.1.5 Distribution shifts of 1958–2014 –
marine species
4.1.6 Ocean oxygen content 1906–2012 –
4.2.2 Global and European sea
level (*)
Global:
1880–2015
European:
1970–2014
Global:
2081–2100
European:
2081–2100
All RCPs, A1B GCM ensemble –
RCP4.5 GCM ensemble –
4.3.2 River flows 1963–2000 2080s A1B 4 GCMs and 7 RCMs –
4.3.3 River floods 1980–2010 2006–2035, RCP8.5 7 RCM ensemble –
2036–2065,
2066–2095
4.3.4 Meteorological and
hydrological droughts
Meteorological:
1950–2012
Meteorological:
2050s, 2080s
RCP4.5/8.5 RCM ensemble –
Hydrological:
1963–2000
Socioeconomic
scenarios
–
Hydrological: 2080s A1B 12 GCM ensemble Economy
First
4.3.5 Water temperature 1911–2014 –
4.4.2 Soil moisture 1951–2012 2030s A1B 12 RCM ensemble –
4.4.3 Phenology of plant and 1982–2011 –
animal species
4.4.4 Distribution shifts of – 2050, 2100 A2, B1 HadCM3 SEDG, GRAS
plant and animal species
4.4.5 Forest composition and – 2100 A1B 6 RCM ensemble –
distribution
4.4.6 Forest fires 1980–2013 2080s A1B RACMO2 driven by –
ECHAM5
5.1.3 Economic losses
1980–2013 –
from climate-related
extremes (*)
5.2.3 Floods and health 1991–2015 –
5.2.4 Extreme temperatures 1987–2010 –
and health
5.2.5 Vector-borne diseases Up to 2016 Chikungunya: A1B, B1 COSMO-CLM –
2020s, 2050s,
2080s
West Nile Virus:
2025, 2050
A1B CCSM3 –
42 Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016 | An indicator-based report