Climate change impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016

References
Chierici, M. and Fransson, A., 2009, 'Calcium carbonate
saturation in the surface water of the Arctic Ocean:
Undersaturation in freshwater influenced shelves',
Biogeosciences 6(11), 2 421–2 431 (doi: 10.5194/bg-6-
2421-2009).
Ciais, P., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogée, J.,
Allard, V., Aubinet, M., Buchmann, N., Bernhofer, C.,
Carrara, A., Chevallier, F., De Noblet, N., Friend, A. D.,
Friedlingstein, P., Grünwald, T., Heinesch, B., Keronen, P.,
Knohl, A., Krinner, G. et al., 2005, 'Europe-wide reduction
in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought
in 2003', Nature 437(7058), 529–533 (doi: 10.1038/
nature03972).
CliC, AMAP and IASC, 2016, The Arctic freshwater system in
a changing climate, WCRP Climate and Cryosphere (CliC)
Project, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
(AMAP), International Arctic Science Committee (IASC).
Collins, M., Knutti, R., Arblaster, J., Dufresne, J.-L.,
Fichefet, T., Friedlingstein, P., Gao, X., Gutowski, W. J.,
Johns, T., Krinner, G., Shongwe, M., Tebaldi, C., Weaver,
A. J. and Wehner, M., 2013, 'Long-term climate change:
Projections, commitments and irreversibility', in:
Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., et al. (eds), Climate
change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution
of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge; New York, pp. 1 029–
1 136.
Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro, 2005, Evaluación
preliminar de la incidencia del cambio climático en los
recursos hídricos de la cuenca del Ebro, Ministerio de
Medio Ambiente, Madrid.
CTP and OPCC, 2012, Pyrenees Climate Change
Observatory — Integrating climate change adaptation into
your activities and policies, OPCC (Observatoire Pyrénéen
du Changement Climatique), CTP (Communauté de
Travail des Pyrénées), Jaca.
Déqué, M. (ed), 2012, Scénarios Climatiques Adaptés
aux zones de Montagne: Phénomènes extrêmes,
Enneigement et Incertitudes, Scampei — Project ANR-
08-VULN-0009-01, Agence Nationale de la Recherche,
Paris.
Dullinger, S., Gattringer, A., Thuiller, W., Moser, D.,
Zimmermann, N. E., Guisan, A., Willner, W., Plutzar,
C., Leitner, M., Mang, T., Caccianiga, M., Dirnböck, T.,
Ertl, S., Fischer, A., Lenoir, J., Svenning, J.-C., Psomas,
A., Schmatz, D. R., Silc, U. et al., 2012, 'Extinction debt
of high-mountain plants under twenty-first-century
climate change', Nature Climate Change 2(8), 619–622
(doi: 10.1038/nclimate1514).
EC, 2009a, The economics of climate change adaptation
in EU coastal areas. Country overview and assessment:
Outermost regions, European Commission, Brussels.
EC, 2009b, The economics of climate change adaptation
in EU coastal areas. Study done on behalf of the European
Commission, European Commission, Brussels.
EC, 2014a, The economic impact of climate change and
adaptation in the Outermost Regions. Executive summary.,
Publications Office, Luxembourg.
EC, 2014b, The economic impact of climate change
and adaptation in the Outermost Regions. Final report,
European Commission, Luxembourg.
EC, 2015a, 'Overseas Countries and Territories
environmental profiles (2015)' (https://ec.europa.
eu/europeaid/overseas-countries-and-territoriesenvironmental-profiles-2015_en)
accessed 17 March
2016.
EC, 2015b, Overseas Countries and Territories:
Environmental profiles. Part 1 — Main report,
EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi, European Commission,
Brussels.
EEA, 2009, Regional climate change and adaptation — The
Alps facing the challenge of changing water resources, EEA
Report No 8/2009, European Environment Agency.
EEA, 2010, Europe's ecological backbone: Recognising
the true value of our mountains, EEA Report No 6/2010,
European Environment Agency.
EEA, 2012, Climate change, impacts and vulnerability
in Europe 2012, EEA Report No 12/2012, European
Environment Agency.
EEA, 2015, SOER 2015: The European environment — state
and outlook 2015, European Environment Agency.
Engler, R., Randin, C. F., Thuiller, W., Dullinger, S.,
Zimmermann, N. E., AraúJo, M. B., Pearman, P. B., Le
Lay, G., Piedallu, C., Albert, C. H., Choler, P., Coldea, G.,
De LAMO, X., DirnböCk, T., GéGout, J.-C., GóMez-GarcíA,
D., Grytnes, J.-A., Heegaard, E., HøIstad, F. et al., 2011,
'21st century climate change threatens mountain flora
unequally across Europe: Climate change impacts on
mountain florae', Global Change Biology 17(7),
2 330–2 341 (doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02393.x).
Felten, B., 2010, Projet VALIDATE: Vulnérabilité des
prairies et des élevages au changement climatique et
aux évènements extrêmes, Rapport intermédiaire de la
contribution au WP5 'adaptation des fermes d'élevage',
INRA.
412 Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016 | An indicator-based report