Climate change impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016

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Policy context Map 2.1 Overview of national adaptation strategies and plans, and monitoring, reporting and evaluation (MRE) systems in Europe -10° 0° 10° 60° 70° Overview of national adaptation strategies and plans, and monitoring, reporting and evaluation (MRE) systems in Europe Adaptation policy 60° 50° National adaptation strategy (NAS) and national and/or sectoral adaptation plans (NAP/SAP) National adaptation strategy (NAS) MRE system of adaptation at national level implemented or under development No policy Outside coverage 0 500 1000 1500 km 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° Source: Updated from EEA, 2014, 2015a. The EU supports the development of regional strategies ( 20 ) that involve several countries and integrate the consideration of climate change impacts and adaptation, e.g. for the Baltic Sea region ( 21 ), the Danube region ( 22 ), the Adriatic and Ionian region ( 23 ), the Alpine region ( 24 ) and the international river basin district Rhine ( 25 ). Further information on macro‐regional collaborations is provided in Section 2.5. Valuable cooperation and exchange of experiences is also taking place within the Interest Group on 'Climate Change and Adaptation' (IG CCA) of the Network of European Environmental Protection Agencies. ( 20 ) http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/cooperation/macro-regional-strategies. ( 21 ) http://www.baltadapt.eu. ( 22 ) http://www.danube-region.eu. ( 23 ) http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/cooperation/macro-regional-strategies/adriatic-ionian. ( 24 ) http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/index.cfm/en/policy/cooperation/macro-regional-strategies/alpine. ( 25 ) http://www.iksr.org/en. 56 Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016 | An indicator-based report
Policy context 2.5 Adaptation in European macro‐regions There are a number of initiatives within European macro-regions that address and embed climate change adaptation. Specifically, those that are supported by legal and policy instruments are detailed below, per macro-region. 2.5.1 Arctic region Arctic Council The prime political body of the Arctic region is the Arctic Council ( 26 ), which is a high-level intergovernmental forum for cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic states, with the involvement of the Arctic Indigenous communities and other Arctic inhabitants. Canada, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden and the United States of America are Arctic Council Member States. Arctic organisations of indigenous peoples with an Arctic Indigenous constituency majority are permanent participants in the Arctic Council. The Standing Arctic Council Secretariat is located in Tromsø, Norway. The Council's activities are conducted in six working groups that deal with topics ranging from climate change to emergency response. Climate change has been addressed, in particular, by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), but, as climate change is a cross-cutting topic, other working groups also deal with this topic from their particular angle. Other Arctic organisations The members of The Nordic Council of Ministers are Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and the autonomous territories of the Åland Islands (Finland), the Faroe Islands (Denmark) and Greenland (Denmark). The Council's Arctic Co-operation Programme 2015–2017 addresses climate change as one of its focal areas (The Nordic Council, 2014). The Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) is the forum for intergovernmental cooperation specifically for the Barents Region. The 'Action Plan on Climate Change for the Barents Co-operation' (BEAC, 2013) was adopted in 2013. The Northern Forum includes sub-national or regional governments from eight northern countries and has a working group dedicated to water and climate change (Northern Forum, 2016). EU Arctic policy The EU Arctic policy (EEAS, 2014; European Parliament, 2014) has three main policy objectives: • protecting and preserving the Arctic in cooperation with the people who live there; • promoting the sustainable use of resources; • international cooperation. There is a proposal to further develop EU Arctic policy, including through supporting research and channelling knowledge to address environmental and climate change in the Arctic. 2.5.2 Baltic Sea region Council of the Baltic Sea States The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) is a political forum for regional intergovernmental cooperation working on three priority areas: regional identity, a safe and secure region, and a sustainable and prosperous region. The CBSS has a permanent international Secretariat located in Stockholm, Sweden. The Expert Group on Sustainable Development focuses in particular on climate change in the region (CBSS, 2016). The CBSS, as leader of the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBSR) Horizontal Action Climate (see below), plays a central role in ensuring coherent joint policy development and capacity-building in this field across the whole region. In 2014, the CBSS initiated a policy process for strengthening dialogue, knowledge and information exchange across national and sectoral borders supporting the countries of the Baltic Sea region. The aim is to expand their national climate change adaptation strategies by establishing the Baltic Sea region-wide Climate Change Adaptation Stakeholder Platform (CBSS, 2014). This initiative also contributes directly to the implementation of the EU Climate Change Adaptation Strategy that stresses the need for closer cooperation between the EU Member States. ( 26 ) http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en. Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016 | An indicator-based report 57
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EEA Report No 1/2017 Climate change
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Cover design: EEA Cover photo: © J
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Contents 3 Changes in the climate s
Page 8 and 9: Contents 6 Multi-sectoral vulnerabi
Page 10 and 11: Acknowledgements Acknowledgements R
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Page 14 and 15: Executive summary Executive summary
Page 16 and 17: Executive summary ES.1 Introduction
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Abbreviations and acronyms 8 Abbrev
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Abbreviations and acronyms Table 8.
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Abbreviations and acronyms Table 8.
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Abbreviations and acronyms 8.2 Acro
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References References Executive sum
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References EEA, 2004, Impacts of Eu
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References Adaptation to Climate Ch
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References EEA, 2015a, National mon
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References high-resolution climate
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References Fischer, E. M., Sedláč
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References Geophysical Research Let
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References Barletta, V. R., Sørens
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References Discussions 15(14), 20 0
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References Palm, S. P., Strey, S. T
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References L. R., Delgado Granados,
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References Chust, G., Allen, J. I.,
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References antropogent karbon i de
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References face of climate change',
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References Gerritsen, H., 2005, 'Wh
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References Andersen, K. K. and Chri
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References EEA, 2012b, Towards effi
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References Naturwissenschaften Schw
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References Arneth, A., Harrison, S.
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References northern margin of its d
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References Hegland, S. J., Nielsen,
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References weather', Agricultural a
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References 'The new assessment of s
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References Schweiger, O., Settele,
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References 'Warming experiments und
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References Forzieri, G., Bianchi, A
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References Burkart, K., Canário, P
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References Gertler, M., Durr, M., R
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References the environmental condit
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References Semenza, J. C., Sudre, B
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References Brisson, N., Gate, P., G
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References Lesk, C., Rowhani, P. an
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References Vitali, A., Segnalini, M
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References Rübbelke, D. and Vögel
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References Nemry, F. and Demirel, H
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References Pons, M., López-Moreno,
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References indicators of impacts an
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References Roudier, P., Andersson,
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References Global Environmental Cha
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References Chierici, M. and Fransso
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References the Pyrenees from a set
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References change on olive crop eva
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References Steeneveld, G. J., Koopm
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European Environment Agency Climate
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Climate change impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016

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