THE FLORA OF THE MALAY· PENINSULA

CXXXVII. 2INGIBERACE1E. [Carenophila.
lip. Anther large oblong, crest large round entire. Ovary glabrous.
Fruit globose, smooth, deep claret colour. Species I.
(I) C. montana Ridl. Journ. F.M.S. Mus. vol. iv. 78.
Stems about 3 ft. tall. Leaves 12 to 15 in. long, 2 in. wide,
woolly hairy beneath, sheath and ligule yellow woolly hairy. Spike
5 in. long. Bracts ovate pink, uppermost 3 in. long. Calyx I in.
long, pink. Corolla tube pink, lobes white, I in. long. Lip little
longer entire edges upcurved white, speckled red. Fruit as big as
a cherry. Hab. Rare. Pahang, summit of Gunong Berumbun,
Telom at 6000 ft. altitude (Ridley).
11. COSTUS, Linn.
Stems tall, often spiral, sometimes branched. Leaves lanceolate,
shortly petioled, ligule forming a complete ring. Spike terminal
or on rhizome. Bracts stiff, often spiny. Calyx tubular
trilobed. Corolla funnel-shaped, lobes large. Lip obovate usually
entire, trumpet-shaped. Staminodes o. Stamen very broad and
thin, crest long, acute or upcurved. Capsule woody splitting on
one side. Species about 40, South America, Africa, Indo-Malaya,
Australia.
Spike terminal; flowers white.
(I) C. speciosus
Spike on rhizome, large.
Bracts strongly spiny; flowers red. (2) C. globosus
Bracts hairy not pungent; flowers yellow . . (3) C. Kingii
Bracts broad hairy and pungent; whole plant
hairy; flowers red. . . . . .
Spike small; bracts glabrous thin .
(I) C. speciosus Sm. Trans. Linn. Soc. i.
ii.24·
(4) C. velutinus
(5) C. Kunstleri
249; Ridl. Mat.
Stems 6 to 10 ft. tall and up to I in. through, branched and
spiral. Leaves 9 in. long, 3 in. wide, above glabrous, beneath
more or less pubescent oblong acuminate. Spike ovate or oblong,
terminal (very rarely on rhizome), 6 in. long or less. Bracts ovate
mucronate, red, '75 in. long. Calyx short, red. Corolla '25 in.
long, lobes 2 in. long, white, often tinged rose. Lip very large,
4 in. long and wide, white, central bar yellow. Stamen 2 in. long,
hairy on back, crest oblong acuminate, orange beneath. Hab.
Common in damp open spots and edges of forests, from Singapore
to Perlis.
var. argyrophyllus Wall. Cat. 6555. A more slender woodland
form, more branched, leaves silky on the back, flowers and spikes
smaller. Lip entirely white smaller; petals often pink-tinted.
Hab. In forests. Common. Distrib. Indo-Malaya. Native name:
Tawar or S'tawar. Use: In ma.gic ceremonies.
(2) C. globosus Bl. Enum. Pl. Jav. 62; Rull. Mat. ii. 25.
Stems 6 to 8 ft. tall, rather slender. Leaves on one side of the
stem, oblanceolate acuminate, midrib pubescent beneath, 7 in.