Dissertation - World Federation of Music Therapy

is the instrumental Ground from Blow’s opera Venus and Adonis (a predecessor of
Purcell's more popular work). Melodically this ostinato is very close to the Crucifixus-
ostinato, but it is in triple time, the tempo is relatively fast, so together with the
poignant rhythm this makes the movement noble and light at the same time. The
function level will therefore be 1 or 2, depending on the context.
The selected recordings of baroque music in the GIM music programs are all in
arrangements for full symphony orchestra or a fairly large string body, and the
performances follow the romantic style dominating also in this repertory until 1980.
Contemporary baroque performances are very different, including the use of period
instruments and based on scholarly studies in baroque performance practice.
However, many of these excellent recordings cannot be used in BMGIM therapy,
because they do not have the absolute necessary ‘holding quality’ of the romantic
performances, enabling the client to let go and delve into the music experience.
In summary, some general characteristics of the three psychological levels of music
are underlined. Level 1 music (called sedative music by Helen Bonny (1983)) may be
applied in pain and anxiety management, in deep relaxation and in supportive
psychotherapy, because it has the following features:
• Medium or slow tempo (bpm 60 or slower, i.e. close to normal heart rhythm)
• Steady, predictable rhythm (matching the breathing and pulse of the client)
• Simple structure with recognizable melodies or themes (instrumental or vocal)
• Simple, consonant harmony without sudden shifts or modulations
• Stable dynamics without sudden shifts or contrasts
Even though Bonny in most cases recommended classical music it is obvious that
these characteristics can be found in almost any musical style or genre. We also know
that some people achieve relaxation and wellbeing using stimulating music, which
differs from the above by a faster tempo and a more active rhythmic drive. Three
different principles may be followed when music is selected for modification or
transformation of mood:
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